Characteristics of a repetitive ELM-like pulsed plasma source and its damage effects on tungsten target

IF 2 3区工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Fusion Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115456

Liangwen Qi , Shuai Liu , Xiaodong Wen , Manqiang Du , Delong Guo , Chenxi Ren

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Abstract

Transient thermal load events have great effects on the service life of plasma-facing materials (PFCs) in tokamak steady-state operation. A compact-sized repetitive discharge coaxial gun plasma source is developed in order to simulate transient heat loads such as type I edge-localized modes (ELMs-I) in ITER. In this paper, the plasma characteristics of repeated coaxial gun and the damage effects of different frequencies on tungsten target are studied. At a constant initial condition (charging voltage, gas-flow), the voltage and current data reflects the discharge characteristics of the repeating plasma source. The gun produces helium plasma with an electron density of 1.6–2.0 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³, an energy density of 0.2 MJ/m², and a pulse width of 0.6 ms. The local surface heating evolution of W is clearly observed with the camera during repeated pulsed plasma exposure. By changing the discharge frequency of coaxial gun, it is found that the heat accumulation effect and thermal stress on the surface of tungsten target are intensified with the increase of shock frequency. High-frequency thermal shocks led to enhanced melting and accelerated crack propagation, with residual stresses on the target surface being released through crack formation. The simulation experiment results provide valuable insights into the interaction mechanisms between plasma and the first wall material at different frequencies in tokamaks.

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重复elm型脉冲等离子体源的特性及其对钨靶的损伤效应

瞬态热负荷事件对等离子体表面材料在托卡马克稳态工作中的使用寿命有很大影响。为了模拟ITER中I型边缘局域模式（ELMs-I）等瞬态热负荷，研制了一种小型重复放电同轴枪等离子体源。本文研究了重复同轴炮的等离子体特性及不同频率对钨靶的损伤效果。在恒定的初始条件下（充电电压、气体流量），电压和电流数据反映了重复等离子体源的放电特性。该枪产生的氦等离子体电子密度为1.6-2.0 × 1015 cm−3，能量密度为0.2 MJ/m2，脉冲宽度为0.6 ms。在重复脉冲等离子体曝光过程中，用相机清晰地观察到W的局部表面加热演变。通过改变同轴枪的放电频率，发现随着冲击频率的增加，钨靶表面的热积累效应和热应力加剧。高频热冲击增强了熔化，加速了裂纹扩展，目标表面的残余应力通过裂纹的形成得到释放。模拟实验结果为研究托卡马克中等离子体与第一壁材料在不同频率下的相互作用机制提供了有价值的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Fusion Engineering and Design 工程技术-核科学技术

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

23.50%

发文量

275

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The journal accepts papers about experiments (both plasma and technology), theory, models, methods, and designs in areas relating to technology, engineering, and applied science aspects of magnetic and inertial fusion energy. Specific areas of interest include: MFE and IFE design studies for experiments and reactors; fusion nuclear technologies and materials, including blankets and shields; analysis of reactor plasmas; plasma heating, fuelling, and vacuum systems; drivers, targets, and special technologies for IFE, controls and diagnostics; fuel cycle analysis and tritium reprocessing and handling; operations and remote maintenance of reactors; safety, decommissioning, and waste management; economic and environmental analysis of components and systems.