Study on cushioning characteristics of an airbag with self-adaptive variable-orifice vent

IF 5.8 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE

Aerospace Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI:10.1016/j.ast.2025.110984

Zhongda Wu, Yichao Li, Renfu Li, Zhaojun Xi

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Abstract

Airbag cushioning technology is an important landing attenuation method due to its lightweight nature and superior terrain adaptability. However, traditional airbags with fixed vent designs struggle to meet the demands of complex environments. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel self-adaptive variable-orifice structure by designing fabric strength gradients around the vent. A drop-impact model for single-orifice configurations was established and experimentally verified. Parametric analysis of triple-layer fabric dimensions was conducted, while adaptive vent behavior and cushioning performance were evaluated across velocities (5.5-9.5 m/s) and payloads (300-2000 kg). Results showed that the tri-layer fabric enables tiered stress load-bearing, concentrating stress in the outer layer and upper vent region, achieving tear-resistant orifice expansion while reducing peak stress by 18% compared to unoptimized designs. Optimization of the tri-layer dimensions reduced the load platform's peak acceleration to 14.9g, representing a 45.8% decrease compared to the airbag with a fixed vent. This demonstrated that the proposed structure can adapt to low-payload (<1000kg) airdrop systems at 5.5–9.5 m/s, maintaining peak acceleration increases below 10%. For payloads above 1350kg, the drop velocity must be limited to ≤7.5 m/s due to vent congestion. This research confirms the adaptability of variable-orifice vent structures to diverse airdrop tasks, providing a theoretical foundation for self-adaptive impact protection systems.

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自适应变孔口气囊缓冲特性研究

安全气囊减震技术以其轻量化和优越的地形适应性成为一种重要的着陆衰减方法。然而，传统的具有固定通风口设计的安全气囊难以满足复杂环境的要求。为了解决这些限制，本研究提出了一种新颖的自适应变孔结构，通过在通风口周围设计织物强度梯度。建立了单孔板的落点冲击模型，并进行了实验验证。对三层织物尺寸进行了参数分析，同时评估了速度（5.5-9.5 m/s）和有效载荷（300-2000 kg）下的自适应排气行为和缓冲性能。结果表明，与未优化设计相比，三层织物可以分层承受应力，将应力集中在外层和上部通风口区域，实现抗撕裂孔口膨胀，同时将峰值应力降低18%。三层尺寸的优化将负载平台的峰值加速度降低至14.9g，与带有固定通风口的安全气囊相比，降低了45.8%。这表明，所提出的结构可以适应5.5-9.5 m/s的低载荷（<1000kg）空投系统，保持峰值加速度增长低于10%。对于1350kg以上的有效载荷，由于通风口堵塞，下落速度必须限制在≤7.5 m/s。该研究证实了变孔口排气孔结构对各种空投任务的适应性，为自适应冲击防护系统提供了理论基础。

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来源期刊

Aerospace Science and Technology 工程技术-工程：宇航

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

28.60%

发文量

654

审稿时长

54 days

期刊介绍： Aerospace Science and Technology publishes articles of outstanding scientific quality. Each article is reviewed by two referees. The journal welcomes papers from a wide range of countries. This journal publishes original papers, review articles and short communications related to all fields of aerospace research, fundamental and applied, potential applications of which are clearly related to: • The design and the manufacture of aircraft, helicopters, missiles, launchers and satellites • The control of their environment • The study of various systems they are involved in, as supports or as targets. Authors are invited to submit papers on new advances in the following topics to aerospace applications: • Fluid dynamics • Energetics and propulsion • Materials and structures • Flight mechanics • Navigation, guidance and control • Acoustics • Optics • Electromagnetism and radar • Signal and image processing • Information processing • Data fusion • Decision aid • Human behaviour • Robotics and intelligent systems • Complex system engineering. Etc.