Multi-precipitate synergetic strengthening in LPBF-fabricated maraging steel: Interplay of intermetallic compounds and oxide nanoparticles

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Intermetallics Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI:10.1016/j.intermet.2025.109005

Lingzhi Wu , Cong Zhang , Dil Faraz Khan , Ruijie Zhang , Yongwei Wang , Haiqing Yin , Xuanhui Qu , Geng Liu , Jie Su

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is particularly suitable for direct fabrication of metallic components with complex geometries, and has been widely used in aerospace, nuclear energy, and high-end tooling industries. However, the as-printed properties of LPBF-processed Fe-11Cr-9Ni-6Co-3Mo (wt.%) maraging stainless steel often fail to meet application requirements. This study systematically investigates the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of LPBF-Fe11Cr9Ni6Co3Mo. The results show that direct aging at 550 °C for 9 h leads to a multi-nanoprecipitate co-strengthening microstructure, including in-situ formed composite oxide (Mn,Si)O, (Cr,Mo)₂₃C₆ carbides, and Fe₂(Mo,Mn) intermetallic compounds. Through the combined effects of multi-scale precipitation strengthening, improvement in strength and ductility is achieved. Compared to the as-printed condition, the aged samples exhibit a 47.4 % increase in yield strength, a 29.8 % enhancement in ultimate tensile strength, and a 3.3 % improvement in elongation. Furthermore, compared to conventional heat treatment (homogenization + solution treatment + undercooling + aging), the direct-aged samples demonstrate superior mechanical properties without sacrificing ductility, with a 1.94 % higher yield strength, a 3.50 % greater ultimate tensile strength, and a 3.70 % improved elongation.

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lpbf制备马氏体时效钢的多沉淀协同强化：金属间化合物和氧化物纳米颗粒的相互作用

激光粉末床熔融（LPBF）特别适合于直接制造具有复杂几何形状的金属部件，并已广泛应用于航空航天，核能和高端模具行业。然而，lpbf处理的Fe-11Cr-9Ni-6Co-3Mo （wt.%）马氏体时效不锈钢的打印性能往往不能满足应用要求。本研究系统地研究了热处理对LPBF-Fe11Cr9Ni6Co3Mo微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：550℃直接时效9 h，形成了多纳米沉淀共强化微观结构，包括原位形成的复合氧化物（Mn,Si）O、（Cr,Mo）23C6碳化物和Fe2（Mo,Mn）金属间化合物；通过多尺度降水强化的联合作用，实现了强度和延性的提高。与打印状态相比，时效样品的屈服强度提高了47.4%，极限抗拉强度提高了29.8%，伸长率提高了3.3%。此外，与传统热处理（均质+固溶+过冷+时效）相比，直接时效样品在不牺牲延展性的情况下表现出优越的力学性能，屈服强度提高1.94%，极限抗拉强度提高3.50%，延伸率提高3.70%。

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来源期刊

Intermetallics 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

7.80

自引率

9.10%

发文量

291

审稿时长

37 days

期刊介绍： This journal is a platform for publishing innovative research and overviews for advancing our understanding of the structure, property, and functionality of complex metallic alloys, including intermetallics, metallic glasses, and high entropy alloys. The journal reports the science and engineering of metallic materials in the following aspects: Theories and experiments which address the relationship between property and structure in all length scales. Physical modeling and numerical simulations which provide a comprehensive understanding of experimental observations. Stimulated methodologies to characterize the structure and chemistry of materials that correlate the properties. Technological applications resulting from the understanding of property-structure relationship in materials. Novel and cutting-edge results warranting rapid communication. The journal also publishes special issues on selected topics and overviews by invitation only.