Synergistic multi-ion doping in BaTiO₃-based ceramics: Achieving high electrocaloric efficiency and wide temperature span for miniaturized cooling application

IF 6.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS

Journal of The European Ceramic Society Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117852

Ying Zheng , Yifei Liang , Huanhuan Li , Quan Li , Yan Yan , Hua Tan , Haibo Zhang , Shenglin Jiang , Gang Liu

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Abstract

Electrocaloric cooling, a solid-state refrigeration technology utilizing the electrocaloric effect (ECE), enables miniaturized cooling systems. However, its practical application is constrained by limited adiabatic temperature change (ΔT), restricted operating temperature span (T_span), and the fact that peak performance typically occurs at elevated temperatures. To overcome this, (1-x)Ba₀.₇₆Sr₀.₂₄TiO₃-xCa(Ti₀.₉Sn₀.₁)O₃ (BST-CS) lead-free ferroelectric ceramics were synthesized via solid-state reaction, enhancing ΔT and T_span through multi-ion doping. XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirmed tetragonal (T) and pseudo-cubic (PC) phase coexistence, with the PC phase increasing with doping. Temperature-dependent Raman and dielectric spectra revealed a tetragonal-cubic transition near the Curie temperature, contributing to the ECE. The optimized composition (x = 0.14) achieved ΔT = 1.74 K and T_span= 52 K (40–90°C, ΔT ≥ 80 % of ΔT_max) under 50 kV·cm⁻¹. Phase coexistence lowers polarization barriers, while grain refinement improves breakdown strength. This work advances eco-friendly microelectronics cooling by balancing performance and practicality.

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BaTiO₃基陶瓷中的协同多离子掺杂：实现高热效率和宽温度范围，用于小型化冷却应用

电热冷却是一种利用电热效应（ECE）的固态制冷技术，可以实现冷却系统的小型化。然而，它的实际应用受到有限的绝热温度变化（ΔT）、有限的工作温度跨度（Tspan）以及峰值性能通常发生在高温下的事实的限制。为了克服这一点,(1 - x) Ba₀。₇₆Sr₀。₂₄TiO₃-xCa (Ti₀₉Sn₀。通过固相反应合成了1₁)O₃（BST-CS）无铅铁电陶瓷，通过多离子掺杂增强了ΔT和Tspan。XRD和拉曼光谱证实了正方相(T)和伪立方相（PC）共存，且PC相随着掺杂的增加而增加。温度相关的拉曼光谱和介电光谱在居里温度附近显示了一个四方立方转变，有助于ECE。优化组合(0.14 x = )实现ΔT = 1.74  K和Tspan = 52 K(40 - 90°C,ΔT ≥80  %Δ最高温度)50岁以下 kV·厘米−1。相共存降低极化势垒，晶粒细化提高击穿强度。这项工作通过平衡性能和实用性来推进生态友好型微电子冷却。

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来源期刊

Journal of The European Ceramic Society 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

12.30%

发文量

863

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of the European Ceramic Society publishes the results of original research and reviews relating to ceramic materials. Papers of either an experimental or theoretical character will be welcomed on a fully international basis. The emphasis is on novel generic science concerning the relationships between processing, microstructure and properties of polycrystalline ceramics consolidated at high temperature. Papers may relate to any of the conventional categories of ceramic: structural, functional, traditional or composite. The central objective is to sustain a high standard of research quality by means of appropriate reviewing procedures.