INFLUENCE OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL ON THE SEVERITY OF HEPATIC STEATOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a prevalence of 18.3% in Mexico and is associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which has a prevalence of 30%.Considering glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) a relevant biomarker in the evaluation of glycemic control.

The objective of the study was to analyze the association between HbA1c levels and the degree of hepatic steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).

Materials and Methods

Observational, descriptive, and retrospective study in 90 patients over 18 years old with DM2 attended in the outpatient gastroenterology clinic at a tertiary care center, between February 2024 and February 2025.All patients underwent hepatic elastography using FibroScan® and HbA1c determination. Using non-parametric statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U with Bonferroni correction).

Results

The patients were compared according to the degree of hepatic steatosis and the levels of (HbA1c), and a statistically significant difference was observed (Kruskal-Wallis, H=9.75, p = 0.008), indicating differences in glycemic control in 2 groups. The average HbA1c ranges were: grade I hepatic steatosis 39.42%; grade II, 64.00%; and grade III 51.96%.suggesting a progressive increase in HbA1c as the severity of hepatic steatosis increases. The post hoc analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test, with Bonferroni correction, revealed significant differences between patients without steatosis and those with grade II steatosis (p = <0.005).

Conclusions

Patients with type 2 diabetes who have moderate or severe hepatic steatosis show worse glycemic control compared to patients without steatosis or with mild steatosis.