Current Utilization and Value of Extended Reality in Endodontic Education: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Background: In recent years, extended reality technologies, particularly those based on virtual reality, have been widely integrated into dental clinical practice and educational training. However, their application in the field of endodontic education remains underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to explore the current applications and existing value of extended reality technology in endodontic education.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases was performed to include all randomized controlled trials published up to July 31, 2025, that evaluated the application of extended reality technologies in endodontic education.

Results: Among the 520 studies initially identified, a total of seven randomized controlled trials were ultimately included in this review. These studies originated from five different countries and focused on access cavity preparation, pulpotomy, and regenerative endodontic procedures. In the risk of bias assessment, only two parallel-design studies were rated as having a low-risk of bias, while the remaining studies were judged to have some concerns. Regarding the effectiveness of extended reality-based training, six studies reported improvements in students' theoretical knowledge or practical skills, whereas one study found no significant difference. In addition, two studies assessing students' self-perceptions indicated a clear positive impact of extended reality technologies.

Conclusion: Extended reality-based training is a potentially useful modality for current endodontics education.