Oral Health Outcomes and Their Sociodemographic and Service Utilisation Determinants in a Rural Population.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the number of remaining teeth, use of dental prosthesis, and self-perception of oral health according to sociodemographic variables and use of dental services in a rural population of the Municipality of Pelotas, RS, through a cross-sectional population-based study.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural area of Pelotas, Brazil, aiming to assess the oral health status of adults aged 18 or older. Data collection occurred through a systematic sampling process in two stages, with sociodemographic factors and oral health outcomes analysed. The number of remaining teeth, use of dental prosthesis, self-perception of oral health and dental visit patterns were among the variables examined. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression and odds ratios were estimated using ordinal logistic regression.

Results: Out of 1519 adults surveyed, the majority were male, aged 40-59, and had incomplete elementary education. Elderly women and people in the richest income quintile exhibited lower rates of remaining teeth and higher use of prosthesis, while people with higher education and use of dental services in the last year had more teeth. Worse self-perception of oral health was more prevalent in men, at age 40-59 and who had used dental services for curative reasons.

Conclusions: The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to address oral health disparities in rural areas, emphasising the importance of preventive measures and equitable access to dental services. Strategies focusing on increasing access and reducing financial barriers can contribute to improving oral health outcomes among rural populations.