A study on the expansion of the universe with Lyra geometry in a Bianchi type V space–time in the presence of dark energy

Abstract

In the presence of dark energy, Bianchi type V space–time and its cosmological model are examined in Lyra geometry. A hybrid nature of the scale factor \(a=\sqrt[m]{t^ne^{\xi t}}\) and the power-law expansion \(H=la^{-n}\) are analyzed to derive an exact solution characterizing a universe transitioning from an early decelerating stage to the present accelerating phase. The derived cosmological model is investigated under different admissible values of \(n\). An equation that represents a special case of the Raychaudhuri equation for timelike geodesic is also established. Several geometrical and physical characteristics of the model are analyzed and illustrated with graphical representation.