Toxicological Assessment of Microplastics in Zebrafish: Biochemical Responses and Histopathological Changes

IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Immaculate J.K., Narmatha S.M., Jamila P.
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Abstract

This study investigated the effects of polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs) on zebrafish (Danio Rerio), focusing on their survival, growth, bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and histopathological changes. Zebrafish were treated with two sizes of PE MPs (50 and 100 µm) at concentrations of 0.1, 10, 50, and 500 μg L−1 for 12 and 24 days. Survival rates were high (> 95%), with no significant effect on growth. Bioaccumulation of MPs was dose dependent, with higher retention in the liver and gut than in the gills. The smaller MPs (50 µm) dispersed more widely in the body, whereas the larger MPs (100 µm) were mostly retained in the digestive organs. Oxidative stress responses, indicated by increased activity of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), along with elevated levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), were observed with higher concentrations and longer exposure periods. Elevated lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels suggested cellular damage due to oxidative imbalance. Histopathological investigation showed concentration-dependent structural damage in the intestinal epithelial cells with necrosis, infiltration, and lipid droplet formation in the hepatocytes, while there was minimal or no damage to the brain and kidney. These findings demonstrate that exposure to MPs can induce bioaccumulation and oxidative stress in aquatic organisms, highlighting the need for mitigation strategies and further research into the long-term ecological impacts of MPs in aquatic ecosystems.

Abstract Image

微塑料在斑马鱼体内的毒理学评估:生化反应和组织病理学变化。
本研究研究了聚乙烯微塑料(PE MPs)对斑马鱼(Danio Rerio)的生存、生长、生物蓄积、氧化应激和组织病理学变化的影响。分别以0.1、10、50和500 μg L-1浓度的两种大小的PE MPs(50和100µm)处理斑马鱼12和24天。存活率高(约95%),对生长无显著影响。MPs的生物积累是剂量依赖性的,在肝脏和肠道中的滞留量高于在鳃中的滞留量。较小的MPs(50µm)在体内分布更广泛,而较大的MPs(100µm)大多保留在消化器官中。氧化应激反应表现为酶促抗氧化剂(如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT))活性的增加,以及非酶促抗氧化剂(包括谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽s -转移酶(GST)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH- px))水平的升高,这些都是随着浓度的增加和暴露时间的延长而出现的。脂质过氧化(LPO)水平升高提示氧化失衡导致细胞损伤。组织病理学检查显示肠上皮细胞呈浓度依赖性结构损伤,伴坏死、浸润和肝细胞形成脂滴,而对脑和肾的损伤最小或无损伤。这些发现表明,暴露于多磺酸粘多糖可诱导水生生物的生物积累和氧化应激,强调需要采取缓解策略,并进一步研究多磺酸粘多糖对水生生态系统的长期生态影响。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
2.80%
发文量
277
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology is an international journal that contains original research papers, rapid communications, mini-reviews, and book reviews, all focusing on the molecular mechanisms of action and detoxication of exogenous and endogenous chemicals and toxic agents. The scope includes effects on the organism at all stages of development, on organ systems, tissues, and cells as well as on enzymes, receptors, hormones, and genes. The biochemical and molecular aspects of uptake, transport, storage, excretion, lactivation and detoxication of drugs, agricultural, industrial and environmental chemicals, natural products and food additives are all subjects suitable for publication. Of particular interest are aspects of molecular biology related to biochemical toxicology. These include studies of the expression of genes related to detoxication and activation enzymes, toxicants with modes of action involving effects on nucleic acids, gene expression and protein synthesis, and the toxicity of products derived from biotechnology.
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