Is catalysis an enabler for the third energy transition?

Abstract

According to the International Energy Forum [1], the third energy transition is underway. However, it will differ in consequences from the first and second energy transitions which transformed the way that mankind uses energy. The third energy transition is primarily additive to the energy resource base rather than a substantial replacement for existing sources of energy. The world needs a lot of energy, approximately 1 quadrillion BTUs (= 1.055 exajoules) every 14.6 h, and supplying that energy in a way that meets the world’s needs and lowers emissions is the key challenge facing society. While the second energy transition was in part enabled by and dependent on advances in catalysis, it is unclear what the impact of catalysis will be on the third energy transition which is driven primarily by the movement of electrons rather than transformation of molecules. This perspective article attempts to provide some thoughts and insights in addressing this question.