Dark energy within the generalized uncertainty principle in light of DESI DR2

Abstract

In this study, we modify the ΛCDM model by introducing a deformed algebra within the framework of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP). We formulate the modified Raychaudhuri equation, where new terms are introduced which describe dynamical pressure components. For the quadratic GUP model, we derive the Hubble function, which leads to a time-dependent dark energy model. The free parameters are determined using late-time observational data, the Pantheon+ SNIa sample, the cosmic chronometers, and the DESI 2025 BAO data. We find that the modified model introduce only one new additional degree of freedom compared to the ΛCDM model. The GUP-Modified ΛCDM model provides a better fit to the data than the undeformed theory. According to Jeffrey's scale for Bayesian evidence, we find weak support in favor of the GUP-Modified model. Furthermore, we compare the same model with the DESI 2024 BAO data and find that the Bayesian evidence becomes stronger with the inclusion of the DESI 2025 release.