{"title":"Deep learning-enhanced holographic wavefront sensor for high-order aberration sensing.","authors":"Ming Liu, Bing Dong","doi":"10.1364/AO.574070","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A deep learning-enhanced holographic wavefront sensor (DLHWS) is proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional holographic modal wavefront sensors (HMWS). Traditional HMWS, based on the second-moment-intensity (SMI-HMWS), suffers from measurement inaccuracies due to speckle noise from kinoform computer-generated holograms (CGHs) and restricted measurable modes. The DLHWS utilizes deep neural networks to process multiple biased images generated by a CGH, either a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) for modal coefficient estimation (DLHWS-c) or a UNet for direct phase map reconstruction (DLHWS-p). Simulations and experiments demonstrate that DLHWS significantly improves wavefront sensing accuracy and capability to detect high-order aberrations. DLHWS-c offers superior inference speed and high accuracy for low-order modes. In contrast, DLHWS-p delivers higher precision in capturing high-order aberrations comprising hundreds of modes induced by atmospheric turbulence but requires greater computational resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":101299,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"64 27","pages":"8130-8138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied optics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.574070","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
A deep learning-enhanced holographic wavefront sensor (DLHWS) is proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional holographic modal wavefront sensors (HMWS). Traditional HMWS, based on the second-moment-intensity (SMI-HMWS), suffers from measurement inaccuracies due to speckle noise from kinoform computer-generated holograms (CGHs) and restricted measurable modes. The DLHWS utilizes deep neural networks to process multiple biased images generated by a CGH, either a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) for modal coefficient estimation (DLHWS-c) or a UNet for direct phase map reconstruction (DLHWS-p). Simulations and experiments demonstrate that DLHWS significantly improves wavefront sensing accuracy and capability to detect high-order aberrations. DLHWS-c offers superior inference speed and high accuracy for low-order modes. In contrast, DLHWS-p delivers higher precision in capturing high-order aberrations comprising hundreds of modes induced by atmospheric turbulence but requires greater computational resources.