A review of magnetic chitosan-immobilized palladium nanoparticle catalysts in the Suzuki reaction

Abstract

The Suzuki coupling reaction is a cornerstone in modern organic synthesis, widely used in the agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and materials industries for forming carbon-carbon bonds. In recent years, magnetic chitosan-immobilized palladium nanoparticle (Pd NPs) catalysts have garnered significant attention as a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems. This review examines the synthesis strategies, structural characteristics, and catalytic properties of these hybrid materials. Chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide, serves as a versatile support due to its functional groups, which facilitate strong metal coordination and allow for easy chemical modification. When combined with superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, the resulting composite catalyst enables magnetic separation and recyclability with no substantial reduction of activity or metal leaching. Recently, magnetic Chitosan-supported Pd NPs catalysts have emerged as an eco-friendly, practical, and highly effective choice for facilitating the Suzuki reaction. This review examines the recent progress in stabilizing palladium-based magnetic chitosan, including illustrations of the preparation methods for each system and their corresponding catalytic performance.