Green initiatives in aluminium production: implementing sustainable processes and effective waste management

Abstract

Our world struggles with the alarming level of energy consumed in the extraction of natural resources, which ultimately results in an enhanced carbon footprint on our planet. As per the emerging requirement, the demand for aluminium will double in the upcoming years, necessitating a shift from primary to more sustainable secondary production. There is no denying that aluminium scrap can be termed as the new energy-efficient source, paving the path for sustainable and greener aluminium production. This review paper plays a crucial role in addressing the challenges in primary production and exploring various methods for efficiently utilising the solid waste produced during the process. The study also addresses the evolution of aluminium recycling, and in this regard, downcycling and upcycling scrap technologies have been explored. It also highlights the issues in current recycling methods, including the formation of delicate intermetallics (specifically Fe and Si) and the generation of salt cakes during melting. At last, the article envisages the development of new technologies for the regenerative utilisation of waste and renewable-based aluminium extraction from scrap, offering a hopeful vision for a more sustainable and efficient future in aluminium production.