Bipedalism, childhood, and ritualisation of human sexual behaviour: A hominin model scenario of ontogenetic selection

IF 1.9 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY
Rainer Feistel
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Abstract

In this paper, the term childhood denotes the ontogenetic developmental stage of weaned mammal infants who are still helpless and need to be nurtured and protected for survival. Human infants have a pronounced childhood phase in contrast to great apes. For a hominin model scenario proposed here, it will be argued that upright bipedal locomotion facilitated early weaning and, as a consequence, the emergence of childhood. To raise their infants to healthy maturity by preventing early pregnancy after weaning, females exploited a succession of contraceptive traits, from concealed oestrus and adipose breasts to menopause. In turn, to ensure a sufficient reproduction rate of their own genes, males developed several related counter measures, from sexual objectification of female bodies as permanent mating targets, to altered male mental filters, then recognising young mature females as being beautiful and sexually attractive. In response to stuffed dry breasts that, to avoid mating, imitated breastfeeding and lactational amenorrhea, males could regularly verify milk secretion by inspecting breasts and nipples visually, manually and orally before copulation. When later such inspections lost their original fertility relevance, these activities may regionally have evolved into symbolic courtship habits, similar to ritualisation in the behaviour of waterfowls that had been investigated previously by Julian Huxley and Konrad Lorenz. Along this causal chain, contemporary sexual conflicts may - in part - have ultimately originated from initial hominin bipedalism.
两足动物、童年和人类性行为的仪式化:个体发生选择的古人类模型情景
在本文中,“童年”一词是指断奶的哺乳动物婴儿的个体发育阶段,他们仍然是无助的,需要被养育和保护才能生存。与类人猿相比,人类婴儿有一个明显的童年阶段。对于这里提出的古人类模型,我们认为直立双足运动促进了早期断奶,从而促进了童年的出现。为了防止断奶后的早孕,使她们的婴儿健康成熟,雌性利用了一系列的避孕特征,从隐藏的发情期和脂肪乳房到更年期。反过来,为了确保自己基因的足够繁殖率,男性发展了一些相关的对策,从女性身体的性物化作为永久的交配目标,到改变男性的心理过滤器,然后认识到年轻成熟的女性是美丽和性吸引力的。为了避免交配、模仿母乳喂养和哺乳期闭经,雄性在交配前会定期通过目测、手动和口腔检查乳房和乳头来验证乳汁分泌情况。当后来这种检查失去了最初的生育相关性时,这些活动可能在区域上演变成象征性的求爱习惯,类似于朱利安·赫胥黎和康拉德·洛伦兹之前研究过的水鸟行为的仪式化。沿着这条因果链,当代的性冲突可能——部分地——最终起源于最初的人类两足行走。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Biosystems
Biosystems 生物-生物学
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
18.80%
发文量
129
审稿时长
34 days
期刊介绍: BioSystems encourages experimental, computational, and theoretical articles that link biology, evolutionary thinking, and the information processing sciences. The link areas form a circle that encompasses the fundamental nature of biological information processing, computational modeling of complex biological systems, evolutionary models of computation, the application of biological principles to the design of novel computing systems, and the use of biomolecular materials to synthesize artificial systems that capture essential principles of natural biological information processing.
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