Solitary confinement and post-release drug and alcohol test failure among formerly incarcerated men on parole in Pennsylvania (2010–2023)

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

International Journal of Drug Policy Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104985

Claudia N. Anderson , Jessica T. Simes , Jaquelyn L. Jahn , Bruce Western

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

To examine the relationship between solitary confinement (23-hours per day in-cell with restricted movement and isolation) and illicit drug and alcohol test failure during parole supervision.

Methods

We used administrative data on all formerly incarcerated men on parole in Pennsylvania (n = 74,478), 2010–2023. We used a series of regression analyses to examine the relationship between solitary confinement and illicit drug and alcohol test failure and heterogeneity across those classified as having severe levels of substance use disorders.

Results

Solitary confinement was positively associated with test failure during parole for those without (O.R. = 1.080; 95 % CI = 1.027–1.135) and for those with a history of severe substance use disorders (O.R. = 1.263; 95 % CI = 1.192–1.339). The odds of test failure within one month were also higher for individuals who experienced solitary confinement (O.R. = 1.331; 95 % CI = 1.221–1.450).

Conclusions

Taken with previous research, our findings suggest solitary confinement modestly increases the risk of illicit drug and alcohol use and re-criminalization among those on parole and especially among those with existing substance use issues.

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2010-2023年宾夕法尼亚州前假释囚犯的单独监禁和释放后药物和酒精测试不合格情况

目的探讨假释监督期间单独监禁（每天23小时，限制活动和隔离）与非法药物和酒精测试不合格之间的关系。方法采用2010-2023年宾夕法尼亚州所有假释在押男性的管理数据（n = 74,478）。我们使用了一系列回归分析来检验单独监禁与非法药物和酒精测试失败之间的关系，以及那些被归类为严重药物使用障碍的人之间的异质性。结果单独监禁与假释期间测试失败呈正相关，无药物使用障碍者（O.R. = 1.080; 95% CI = 1.027 ~ 1.135）和有严重药物使用障碍史者（O.R. = 1.263; 95% CI = 1.192 ~ 1.339）。单独监禁的个体在一个月内测试失败的几率也更高（O.R. = 1.331; 95% CI = 1.221-1.450）。结论：与之前的研究相结合，我们的研究结果表明，单独监禁适度增加了假释人员，特别是那些已有药物使用问题的人非法使用药物和酒精以及重新定罪的风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Drug Policy SUBSTANCE ABUSE-

CiteScore

7.80

自引率

11.40%

发文量

307

审稿时长

62 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Drug Policy provides a forum for the dissemination of current research, reviews, debate, and critical analysis on drug use and drug policy in a global context. It seeks to publish material on the social, political, legal, and health contexts of psychoactive substance use, both licit and illicit. The journal is particularly concerned to explore the effects of drug policy and practice on drug-using behaviour and its health and social consequences. It is the policy of the journal to represent a wide range of material on drug-related matters from around the world.