{"title":"Biomarkers as Surrogate Endpoints in Drug Development: Finding Their Right Place.","authors":"Katarina Ilic","doi":"10.1016/j.clinthera.2025.07.026","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of biomarkers and surrogate endpoints has become increasingly important in drug development, regulatory decision-making, and clinical practice. This review provides an overview of the distinctions between clinical and surrogate endpoints, defines types of biomarkers, and outlines the criteria used to validate biomarkers as surrogate endpoints. Finally, selected examples in clinical trials in cardiovascular drug development, anticancer drug development and antidiabetic drugs drug development illustrate how these concepts are applied in real-world drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":10699,"journal":{"name":"Clinical therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical therapeutics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2025.07.026","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The use of biomarkers and surrogate endpoints has become increasingly important in drug development, regulatory decision-making, and clinical practice. This review provides an overview of the distinctions between clinical and surrogate endpoints, defines types of biomarkers, and outlines the criteria used to validate biomarkers as surrogate endpoints. Finally, selected examples in clinical trials in cardiovascular drug development, anticancer drug development and antidiabetic drugs drug development illustrate how these concepts are applied in real-world drug development.
期刊介绍:
Clinical Therapeutics provides peer-reviewed, rapid publication of recent developments in drug and other therapies as well as in diagnostics, pharmacoeconomics, health policy, treatment outcomes, and innovations in drug and biologics research. In addition Clinical Therapeutics features updates on specific topics collated by expert Topic Editors. Clinical Therapeutics is read by a large international audience of scientists and clinicians in a variety of research, academic, and clinical practice settings. Articles are indexed by all major biomedical abstracting databases.