Early-Life Dietary Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Through Milk Consumption: A Systematic Review.

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY

Journal of Applied Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI:10.1002/jat.4932

Hamid Ahmadpourmir, Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh, Konstantinos Tsarouhas, Fatemeh Rakhshani, Vida Ebrahimi, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Christina Tsitsimpikou, Mahmoud Hashemzaei, Ramin Rezaee

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has raised public concern due to its widespread presence/use and toxic health effects including hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and developmental toxicity. Because dietary intake is a major route of PFOA exposure, and milk is a primary source of nutrition in early life, the present systematic review discusses PFOA occurrence in milk samples and the employed determination methods. In the present article, 69 studies (published 2007-2024) reporting PFOA levels in infant formula, commercial milk, and human breast milk were included. The highest concentration of PFOA in infant formula and commercial milk was reported from Spain (2490 ng/kg) and the highest level of PFOA in breast milk from Belgium (3.5 ng/mL). The most commonly used approaches for extraction and analysis of PFOA were solid-phase extraction and LC-MS/MS, respectively. The evidence indicates the need for constant monitoring of PFOA levels in milk samples to safeguard vulnerable populations, especially neonates, infants, and children.

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生命早期通过牛奶摄入摄入全氟辛酸（PFOA）：一项系统综述。

全氟辛酸（PFOA）由于其广泛存在/使用和对健康的毒性影响，包括肝毒性、神经毒性和发育毒性，引起了公众的关注。由于膳食摄入是PFOA暴露的主要途径，而牛奶是生命早期的主要营养来源，因此，本文对牛奶样品中PFOA的含量及其检测方法进行了系统综述。在这篇文章中，69项研究（发表于2007-2024年）报告了婴儿配方奶粉、商业牛奶和人类母乳中全氟辛酸的含量。据报道，西班牙婴儿配方奶粉和商业牛奶中全氟辛酸的浓度最高（2490纳克/千克），比利时母乳中全氟辛酸的浓度最高（3.5纳克/毫升）。最常用的PFOA提取和分析方法分别是固相萃取和LC-MS/MS。有证据表明，需要持续监测牛奶样本中的全氟辛酸水平，以保护弱势群体，特别是新生儿、婴儿和儿童。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Applied Toxicology 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

6.10%

发文量

145

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Journal of Applied Toxicology publishes peer-reviewed original reviews and hypothesis-driven research articles on mechanistic, fundamental and applied research relating to the toxicity of drugs and chemicals at the molecular, cellular, tissue, target organ and whole body level in vivo (by all relevant routes of exposure) and in vitro / ex vivo. All aspects of toxicology are covered (including but not limited to nanotoxicology, genomics and proteomics, teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, reproductive and endocrine toxicology, toxicopathology, target organ toxicity, systems toxicity (eg immunotoxicity), neurobehavioral toxicology, mechanistic studies, biochemical and molecular toxicology, novel biomarkers, pharmacokinetics/PBPK, risk assessment and environmental health studies) and emphasis is given to papers of clear application to human health, and/or advance mechanistic understanding and/or provide significant contributions and impact to their field.