Universal Trauma Screening in Preschool Speech and Language Services: Screening Process and Client Profiles.

Abstract

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of universal trauma screening in publicly funded preschool speech and language (PSL) services. This article presents the results pertaining to the screening process and the client profiles of research participants (including trauma exposures and potential responses). METHOD As part of a larger study, a clinical pilot and research study were undertaken. The clinical pilot included the design and implementation of a screening protocol where speech-language pathologists prescreened clients for potential trauma exposure during initial assessment, and then offered families a full trauma screening with a mental health professional. Data were collected from 193 speech-language pathologist-completed questionnaires following initial assessment and from the full trauma screenings of 57 children aged 9-50 months (which comprised the research study). RESULTS During PSL initial assessments, 30% of clients disclosed potential trauma exposure. The highest reported exposures included public health or environmental crises (33%), major family moves (30%), and significant separations from parents/caregivers or close family members (26%). Of the top seven reported exposures, four were characterized as interpersonal trauma, and 35% of clients reported at least three trauma exposures. A significant correlation was observed between the number of reported trauma exposures and potential trauma responses, which are commonly seen in PSL services, r(55) = .28, p = .037. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance of integrating trauma-informed care universally in PSL services, including collaborative speech-language pathology and mental health services. Universal trauma screening in PSL services can identify at-risk children early, allowing for tailored interventions and better support for families. The study underscores the need for integrated services to address the complex needs of children exposed to trauma.