Longitudinal antibody titers measured after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination can identify individuals at risk for subsequent infection

IF 14.6 1区 医学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY
Hyeongki Park, Naotoshi Nakamura, Sho Miyamoto, Yoshitaka Sato, Kwang Su Kim, Kosaku Kitagawa, Yurie Kobashi, Yuta Tani, Yuzo Shimazu, Tianchen Zhao, Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Fumiya Omata, Moe Kawashima, Toshiki Abe, Yoshika Saito, Saori Nonaka, Morihito Takita, Chika Yamamoto, Hiroshi Morioka, Katsuhiro Kato, Ken Sagou, Tetsuya Yagi, Takeshi Kawamura, Akira Sugiyama, Aya Nakayama, Yudai Kaneko, Risa Yokokawa Shibata, Kazuyuki Aihara, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Akifumi Kamiyama, Tomokazu Tamura, Takasuke Fukuhara, Kenji Shibuya, Tadaki Suzuki, Shingo Iwami, Masaharu Tsubokura
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A key issue in the post–COVID-19 pandemic era is the ongoing administration of COVID-19 vaccines. Repeated vaccination is essential for preparing against currently circulating and newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. However, optimizing vaccination strategies is crucial to efficiently manage medical resources and establish an effective vaccination framework. Therefore, a strategy to identify poor responders with lower sustained antibody titers would be beneficial because these individuals should be considered high priority for revaccination. We investigated longitudinal antibody titer data in a cohort of 2526 people in Fukushima, Japan, collected between April 2021 and November 2022. Using mathematical modeling and machine learning, we stratified the time-course patterns of antibody titers after two primary doses and one booster dose of COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines. We identified three populations, which we refer to as the durable, the vulnerable, and the rapid-decliner populations, and approximately half of the participants remained in the same population after the booster dose. The rapid-decliner population experienced earlier infections than the others. Furthermore, when comparing spike protein–specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers, spike protein–specific IgA titers, and SARS-CoV-2–specific T cell responses between participants who experienced subsequent infections after booster vaccination and those who did not, we found that spike protein–specific IgA titers were lower during the early stage after booster vaccination in participants who went on to become infected with SARS-CoV-2. This approach could be used to inform policy decisions on vaccine distribution to maximize population-level immunity both in future pandemics and in the post–COVID-19 pandemic era.

Abstract Image

接种COVID-19 mRNA疫苗后测量的纵向抗体滴度可以识别有后续感染风险的个体
后COVID-19大流行时代的一个关键问题是COVID-19疫苗的持续使用。反复接种疫苗对于预防当前流行的和新出现的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)变体至关重要。然而,优化疫苗接种策略对于有效管理医疗资源和建立有效的疫苗接种框架至关重要。因此,确定持续抗体滴度较低的不良应答者的策略将是有益的,因为这些个体应被视为重新接种疫苗的高优先级。我们调查了2021年4月至2022年11月期间收集的日本福岛2526人的纵向抗体滴度数据。利用数学建模和机器学习,我们对COVID-19信使RNA疫苗两次初级剂量和一次加强剂量后抗体滴度的时间过程模式进行了分层。我们确定了三个人群,我们称之为持久人群,脆弱人群和快速下降人群,大约一半的参与者在加强剂量后留在同一人群中。快速下降的人群比其他人更早感染。此外,当比较在加强疫苗接种后经历和未经历后续感染的参与者之间的刺突蛋白特异性免疫球蛋白G (IgG)滴度、刺突蛋白特异性IgA滴度和SARS-CoV-2特异性T细胞反应时,我们发现在继续感染SARS-CoV-2的参与者中,在加强疫苗接种后的早期阶段,刺突蛋白特异性IgA滴度较低。这种方法可用于为疫苗分配的政策决策提供信息,以便在未来的大流行和后covid -19大流行时代最大限度地提高人群层面的免疫力。
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来源期刊
Science Translational Medicine
Science Translational Medicine CELL BIOLOGY-MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
CiteScore
26.70
自引率
1.20%
发文量
309
审稿时长
1.7 months
期刊介绍: Science Translational Medicine is an online journal that focuses on publishing research at the intersection of science, engineering, and medicine. The goal of the journal is to promote human health by providing a platform for researchers from various disciplines to communicate their latest advancements in biomedical, translational, and clinical research. The journal aims to address the slow translation of scientific knowledge into effective treatments and health measures. It publishes articles that fill the knowledge gaps between preclinical research and medical applications, with a focus on accelerating the translation of knowledge into new ways of preventing, diagnosing, and treating human diseases. The scope of Science Translational Medicine includes various areas such as cardiovascular disease, immunology/vaccines, metabolism/diabetes/obesity, neuroscience/neurology/psychiatry, cancer, infectious diseases, policy, behavior, bioengineering, chemical genomics/drug discovery, imaging, applied physical sciences, medical nanotechnology, drug delivery, biomarkers, gene therapy/regenerative medicine, toxicology and pharmacokinetics, data mining, cell culture, animal and human studies, medical informatics, and other interdisciplinary approaches to medicine. The target audience of the journal includes researchers and management in academia, government, and the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. It is also relevant to physician scientists, regulators, policy makers, investors, business developers, and funding agencies.
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