{"title":"An Update to the Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness.","authors":"Barbara Riegel, Tiny Jaarsma, Anna Strömberg","doi":"10.1097/ANS.0000000000000594","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-care is essential in the management of chronic illness. In 2012, we published a middle-range theory addressing self-care as a process of maintaining health through health-promoting practices and managing chronic illness. Three key concepts in the theory were self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management. Self-care maintenance refers to those behaviors performed to improve well-being, preserve health, or maintain physical and emotional stability. Self-care monitoring is the process of routine vigilant surveillance, self-awareness, and body monitoring or body listening. Self-care management involves the response to signs and symptoms when they occur. In 2019, we updated the theory, specifying the important contribution of symptoms to self-care. Assumptions and propositions of the theory were specified in the original publication; both are expanded in this update.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Here, we update the theory to reflect changes in our thinking and what has been learned from published literature and discussions with others. An important addition is a detailed discussion of 6 essential intrapersonal requirements for self-care: experience, knowledge, skills, reflection, decision-making, and motivation. These requirements interact dynamically; the order in which they are presented is not meant to reflect the order in which they are developed.</p><p><strong>Implications for practice and research: </strong>These factors are particularly important in guiding the development of self-care interventions. Readers can now refer to this version instead of the 2012 publication.</p>","PeriodicalId":50857,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nursing Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advances in Nursing Science","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000594","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NURSING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Self-care is essential in the management of chronic illness. In 2012, we published a middle-range theory addressing self-care as a process of maintaining health through health-promoting practices and managing chronic illness. Three key concepts in the theory were self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, and self-care management. Self-care maintenance refers to those behaviors performed to improve well-being, preserve health, or maintain physical and emotional stability. Self-care monitoring is the process of routine vigilant surveillance, self-awareness, and body monitoring or body listening. Self-care management involves the response to signs and symptoms when they occur. In 2019, we updated the theory, specifying the important contribution of symptoms to self-care. Assumptions and propositions of the theory were specified in the original publication; both are expanded in this update.
Purpose: Here, we update the theory to reflect changes in our thinking and what has been learned from published literature and discussions with others. An important addition is a detailed discussion of 6 essential intrapersonal requirements for self-care: experience, knowledge, skills, reflection, decision-making, and motivation. These requirements interact dynamically; the order in which they are presented is not meant to reflect the order in which they are developed.
Implications for practice and research: These factors are particularly important in guiding the development of self-care interventions. Readers can now refer to this version instead of the 2012 publication.
期刊介绍:
Consistently ranked as one of the most-read and most assigned journals by faculties of graduate programs in nursing, Advances in Nursing Science (ANS) is intellectually challenging, innovative and progressive, and features articles from a wide range of scholarly traditions. The journal particularly encourages works that speak to the need for global sustainability and that take an intersectional approach, recognizing class, color, sexual and gender identity, and other dimensions of human experience related to health. Articles in ANS are peer-reviewed and chosen for their pioneering perspectives and for their significance in contributing the evolution of the discipline of nursing.