Tackling the Growing Concern-Overweight and Obesity among Adolescents in India: An Analysis of National Institute of Nutrition Data.

Abstract

The escalating prevalence of overweight and obesity among Indian adolescents present a critical public health challenge requiring urgent attention and effective interventions. This study analyzes data from the National Institute of Nutrition's (NINs) Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) (2016-2018) to provide a comprehensive assessment of this issue. Recognizing the limitations of universal classifications, we utilize body mass index (BMI) cutoffs specifically adapted for the Indian/South East Asian population, offering a more accurate representation of weight status in this vulnerable group. Employing a quantitative approach with secondary data analysis, our study examines a nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 10-19 years. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, and BMI were collected and analyzed using the specific Indian/South East Asian criteria to categorize participants. Statistical analyses, including Chi-squared tests and multivariate logistic regression, were conducted using SPSS to explore prevalence, trends, and associated factors. Findings reveal a statistically significant increase in overweight and obesity among Indian adolescents between 2006 and 2014 (p < 0.001), highlighting a concerning trend. Multivariate analysis identified male sex, urban residence, and increased screen time as significant predictors of overweight and obesity based on the adapted criteria. Conversely, higher parental education and engaging in moderate to increased physical activity were associated with decreased odds. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions addressing socioeconomic disparities, urban-rural differences, and lifestyle factors. Promoting physical activity, reducing screen time, and increasing parental awareness, particularly among urban male adolescents, are crucial. A comprehensive approach involving schools, communities, and public health policies is essential to combat this growing public health concern and foster a healthier future for Indian adolescents.