Ribavirin and IVIG Therapy for Severe hMPV Pneumonia: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for India.

Abstract

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), with severe cases predominantly affecting immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients, cancer patients, and those with chronic illnesses. In these high-risk populations, hMPV pneumonia often leads to prolonged hospitalization and elevated mortality rates. While supportive care remains the cornerstone of hMPV management, targeted therapies are urgently needed. Ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral, combined with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), has shown potential in reducing disease severity and improving outcomes in immunocompromised patients. This manuscript synthesizes the clinical evidence for ribavirin-IVIG therapy, discusses its mechanisms of action, and highlights its relevance in the Indian healthcare context, where respiratory infections impose a significant burden. Despite its promise, challenges such as high costs, limited awareness among clinicians, and logistical barriers restrict the adoption of ribavirin-IVIG in India. This review emphasizes the need for multicenter trials to establish efficacy, optimize dosing, and evaluate cost effectiveness in resource-limited settings. By addressing these gaps, ribavirin-IVIG therapy could play a transformative role in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with severe hMPV pneumonia.