{"title":"Epstein-Barr Virus in Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, and Future.","authors":"Farah Wahbeh, Joseph J Sabatino","doi":"10.1212/NXI.0000000000200460","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a very common herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the general population. Epidemiologic data indicate that EBV is a requisite risk factor for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the mechanisms by which EBV contributes to MS pathogenesis are unclear. In this review, we discuss how EBV alters the functions of B cells, its primary cellular reservoir, and the associated dysregulation of anti-EBV immunity in patients with MS. We comprehensively explore the evidence for different potential mechanisms by which EBV may lead to the development of MS, including the so-called driver and hit-and-run models. Finally, we discuss key outstanding scientific questions that must be addressed to advance not only our understanding of the role of EBV in MS pathology but also the development of novel disease therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19472,"journal":{"name":"Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation","volume":"12 6","pages":"e200460"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12439688/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000200460","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/9/15 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a very common herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the general population. Epidemiologic data indicate that EBV is a requisite risk factor for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the mechanisms by which EBV contributes to MS pathogenesis are unclear. In this review, we discuss how EBV alters the functions of B cells, its primary cellular reservoir, and the associated dysregulation of anti-EBV immunity in patients with MS. We comprehensively explore the evidence for different potential mechanisms by which EBV may lead to the development of MS, including the so-called driver and hit-and-run models. Finally, we discuss key outstanding scientific questions that must be addressed to advance not only our understanding of the role of EBV in MS pathology but also the development of novel disease therapies.
期刊介绍：
Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation is an official journal of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation will be the premier peer-reviewed journal in neuroimmunology and neuroinflammation. This journal publishes rigorously peer-reviewed open-access reports of original research and in-depth reviews of topics in neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, affecting the full range of neurologic diseases including (but not limited to) Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ALS, tauopathy, and stroke; multiple sclerosis and NMO; inflammatory peripheral nerve and muscle disease, Guillain-Barré and myasthenia gravis; nervous system infection; paraneoplastic syndromes, noninfectious encephalitides and other antibody-mediated disorders; and psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinical trials, instructive case reports, and small case series will also be featured.
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