Aging-related epigenetic instability in lncRNAs and miRNAs mediates the development of hypertension

Abstract

Hypertension is a complex, age-related condition that markedly elevates the risk of cardiovascular problems and mortality globally. With the aging global population, understanding the molecular foundations of hypertension is essential. Emerging evidence highlights the essential roles of non-coding RNAs, particularly Long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs, in regulating gene expression linked to vascular health and blood pressure control. This review examines the impact of aging on the expression and synthesis of key ncRNAs, which leads to malfunction in three pivotal systems: vascular smooth muscle cells, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and endothelial cells. Dysregulated ncRNAs impair nitric oxide bioavailability, enhance inflammation, and modify vascular tone, resulting in arterial stiffness and increased blood pressure. Crosstalk between lncRNAs and miRNAs, as exemplified by MALAT1–miR-145 and H19–let-7b, reveals a complex regulatory network that affects vascular remodeling and homeostasis. This review highlights new molecular targets for early diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of age-related hypertension, incorporating recent findings on miRNA and lncRNA interactions.