{"title":"Establishing a partition interpolation method for PAHs in site soil based on different pollution causes.","authors":"Pengwei Qiao, Yue Shan, Guanghui Guo, Qianyun Zhao, Shuo Wang, Peiran He, Zhongguo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02739-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PAHs are recognized as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Acquiring spatial distribution information of PAHs is a prerequisite and foundation for soil pollution prevention and control on site. However, the presence of extremely high concentrations (outliers) limits the predictive accuracy of the spatial distribution of PAHs. This study focuses on fluoranthene (FLT), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (InP), which have relatively high detection rate. Using geostatistical analysis, geodetectors, solute transport models, and multiple regression methods, we analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics and main influencing factors of these PAHs, and developed a new partition interpolation method. The research results are as follows: (1) The proportion of points exceeding the screening and risk intervention thresholds for BaP (16.10% and 4.23, respectively) was higher than that of the other three PAHs. The outlier values were primarily distributed in coking areas and wastewater treatment stations, where pollution was mainly due to leaks and affected areas within a 10-m radius, exhibiting high variability. Atmospheric deposition was the main influencing factor for zones excluding outliers, where variability was weaker; (2) We used solute transport models to simulate PAH distributions for the outlier zones and multiple linear regression models for the gentle zones without outliers. This approach reduced RMSE by over 90% compared to traditional interpolation methods, and reflected both localized highly-variable structures and overall distribution characteristics. This is of great significance for improving the accuracy of spatial distribution prediction of PAHs pollution with outlier values in the site soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 10","pages":"437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02739-8","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
PAHs are recognized as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Acquiring spatial distribution information of PAHs is a prerequisite and foundation for soil pollution prevention and control on site. However, the presence of extremely high concentrations (outliers) limits the predictive accuracy of the spatial distribution of PAHs. This study focuses on fluoranthene (FLT), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (InP), which have relatively high detection rate. Using geostatistical analysis, geodetectors, solute transport models, and multiple regression methods, we analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics and main influencing factors of these PAHs, and developed a new partition interpolation method. The research results are as follows: (1) The proportion of points exceeding the screening and risk intervention thresholds for BaP (16.10% and 4.23, respectively) was higher than that of the other three PAHs. The outlier values were primarily distributed in coking areas and wastewater treatment stations, where pollution was mainly due to leaks and affected areas within a 10-m radius, exhibiting high variability. Atmospheric deposition was the main influencing factor for zones excluding outliers, where variability was weaker; (2) We used solute transport models to simulate PAH distributions for the outlier zones and multiple linear regression models for the gentle zones without outliers. This approach reduced RMSE by over 90% compared to traditional interpolation methods, and reflected both localized highly-variable structures and overall distribution characteristics. This is of great significance for improving the accuracy of spatial distribution prediction of PAHs pollution with outlier values in the site soil.
期刊介绍:
Environmental Geochemistry and Health publishes original research papers and review papers across the broad field of environmental geochemistry. Environmental geochemistry and health establishes and explains links between the natural or disturbed chemical composition of the earth’s surface and the health of plants, animals and people.
Beneficial elements regulate or promote enzymatic and hormonal activity whereas other elements may be toxic. Bedrock geochemistry controls the composition of soil and hence that of water and vegetation. Environmental issues, such as pollution, arising from the extraction and use of mineral resources, are discussed. The effects of contaminants introduced into the earth’s geochemical systems are examined. Geochemical surveys of soil, water and plants show how major and trace elements are distributed geographically. Associated epidemiological studies reveal the possibility of causal links between the natural or disturbed geochemical environment and disease. Experimental research illuminates the nature or consequences of natural or disturbed geochemical processes.
The journal particularly welcomes novel research linking environmental geochemistry and health issues on such topics as: heavy metals (including mercury), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and mixed chemicals emitted through human activities, such as uncontrolled recycling of electronic-waste; waste recycling; surface-atmospheric interaction processes (natural and anthropogenic emissions, vertical transport, deposition, and physical-chemical interaction) of gases and aerosols; phytoremediation/restoration of contaminated sites; food contamination and safety; environmental effects of medicines; effects and toxicity of mixed pollutants; speciation of heavy metals/metalloids; effects of mining; disturbed geochemistry from human behavior, natural or man-made hazards; particle and nanoparticle toxicology; risk and the vulnerability of populations, etc.