Comparison of Haemoglobin Concentrations From Venous and From Finger-Pricked Capillary Blood in a Region With a High Prevalence of Anaemia in Ethiopia.

Abstract

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Somali Regional State in Ethiopia. The purpose of the study was to compare haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations from venous and finger-pricked capillary blood using the HemoCue 301 as well as estimating anaemia prevalence. Participants were non-pregnant women of reproductive age (WRA), 18-49 years old (n = 884). Blood was collected by trained laboratory technologists using standard protocols. Venous blood was transferred from the EDTA-coated vacutainer to a HemoCue microcuvette. An automatic safety lancet was used to obtain capillary blood, and a microcuvette was filled with the third drop. Both venous and capillary blood were analysed immediately in the field using the same HemoCue analyser. The mean (±SD) Hb concentration was 11.6 ± 2.2 g/dL for venous blood and 11.4 ± 2.3 g/dL for capillary blood. The mean Hb difference was 0.2 ± 0.8 g/dL (p < 0.0001). After adjustment for altitude, anaemia prevalence was estimated. Both blood collection methods confirmed anaemia prevalence as a severe public health problem; the prevalence was 66.6% from venous and 70.7% from capillary blood. Using venous Hb as the standard, the sensitivity of capillary Hb was 94.9%, and its specificity was 77.5% in identifying anaemia. The differences in anaemia estimates using venous and capillary blood have the potential to impact both public health strategies and programme evaluations.