A chromosome-level genome assembly of Termitomyces fuliginosus using Oxford Nanopore and Hi-C sequencing

Abstract

Termitomyces fuliginosus is a tasty edible mushroom with both nutritional and medicinal values, consumed by native people throughout Asia. However, studies about this mushroom are limited due to lack of fine genomic information, such as the molecular mechanisms underlying development, symbiosis with termites, and plant biomass degradation. In this study, we reported a chromosome-level reference genome of T. fuliginosus assembled using Oxford Nanopore technologies (ONT) and Hi-C technologies. In total, the clean data obtained from ONT and Hi-C sequencing amounted to 10.42 Gb and 21.75 Gb, respectively. The assembled genome consisted of 13 chromosomes with a total length of 65.66 Mb. Completeness evaluations showed that this assembled genome had high quality, with a complete BUSCO score of 91.6 %. In total, 10,319 protein-coding genes were identified, and each gene received at least one functional annotation hit across the queried databases. Based on single-copy orthologous genes, phylogenetic analysis revealed that T. fuliginosus shared a close evolutionary relationship with Termitomyces cryptogamus, Arthromyces matolae, Tricholoma furcatifolium, Tephrocybe rancida, Lyophyllum atratum, and Tricholoma matsutake. A total of 303 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) genes were identified in the T. fuliginosus genome, enabling a better understanding of the carbohydrate degradation capabilities for T. fuliginosus. This chromosome-level genome of T. fuliginosus provides valuable reference data for utilizing the medicinal and nutritional value of this mushroom, such as accurate genomic sequences without gaps, genomic analysis of functional genes, and visualization of chromosomal structural variations.