Physical Environment Factors Influencing Falls Among Women During Pregnancy.

Abstract

Objectives, Purpose, or AimThis study investigates how physical environmental features influence balance loss and falls among women in their third trimester of pregnancy. It aims to identify environmental affordances that contribute to or mitigate fall risks.BackgroundFalls during pregnancy pose significant risks to maternal and fetal health. Understanding interactions between pregnant women and home environments is essential for effective fall prevention. This study employs ecological and dynamic systems theories to explore these interactions.MethodsWeekly interviews were conducted with 13 pregnant women in their third trimester. Participants documented real-world incidents of falls and near-falls within home environments. Data were analyzed to identify patterns in environmental affordances and behaviors linked to balance loss and fall prevention.ResultsFindings identified three types of affordances:• Functional affordances supporting behavior (e.g., sufficient lighting levels to navigate spaces).• Dysfunctional affordances increasing risks, such as low furniture, slippery surfaces, and inadequate supports.• Preventive affordances used to avoid falls.Behaviors linked to falls included rising from low furniture, descending stairs, navigating cluttered spaces, and entering bathtubs. Environmental factors like slippery surfaces and open furniture layouts were key contributors.ConclusionsFalls during late pregnancy result from complex interactions between environmental and behavioral constraints. This study offers insights into designing safer environments tailored to pregnant women's needs. Limitations include recall bias and limited generalizability due to the small sample size. Despite these, the study provides a strong foundation for future research and fall prevention strategies.