Effect of process gas mixtures on weld material characteristics and bead geometry for wire-arc directed energy deposition

IF 4 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Michael Unger , Sebastian Zehetner , Thomas Klein , Aurel Arnoldt , Martin Schnall
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Shielding gases are used in welding technologies to prevent contamination and protect the metallic melt from disadvantageous effects that air could cause on the weld. While argon is mostly used for gas metal arc welding of aluminum, this paper investigates the use of mixtures with traces of different gases. Various properties of the weld seams are assessed: Effects on bead geometry, microstructure, defects, and mechanical characteristics of the resulting material. Investigations were performed for single welds as well as directed energy deposited wire-arc specimens. For this purpose, single bead on plate with CO2, N2, and O2 in the mixture and wall geometry samples with N2 and O2 were manufactured and subsequently analyzed. Nitrogen in the gas mixture is reducing the bead and deposit width and decreasing the grain size compared to the reference sample. This grain size reduction is due to the formation of nitrides in the weld material acting as nucleants for new grains. Nitrides were identified by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, nitrogen is reducing the number of pores but not significantly their volume fraction. A similar effect is reported for used amounts of O2 on smaller scale. The characteristic mechanical strength values are comparable to reported data, but the elongation is reduced when nitrogen is present in the shielding gas mixture.
工艺气体混合物对电弧定向能沉积焊接材料特性和焊头几何形状的影响
保护气体在焊接技术中用于防止污染和保护金属熔体免受空气可能对焊缝造成的不利影响。虽然氩气主要用于铝的气体金属电弧焊,但本文研究了混合微量不同气体的使用。评估焊缝的各种特性:对焊缝几何形状、微观结构、缺陷和最终材料的机械特性的影响。对单焊缝和定向能沉积线弧试样进行了研究。为此,制作了含有CO2、N2和O2混合物的板上单球,以及含有N2和O2的壁几何样品,并随后进行了分析。与参考样品相比,混合气体中的氮气减少了珠层和沉积物的宽度,减小了晶粒尺寸。这种晶粒尺寸的减小是由于焊缝材料中氮化物的形成作为新晶粒的成核剂。利用能量色散x射线光谱对氮化物进行了鉴定。此外,氮会减少孔隙的数量,但不会显著减少孔隙的体积分数。据报道,在较小范围内使用的氧气量也有类似的效果。特征机械强度值与报道的数据相当,但当氮气存在于保护气体混合物中时,伸长率会降低。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
9.80%
发文量
58
审稿时长
44 days
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