Somatosensory impairments and mobility outcomes in ambulatory individuals with stroke: a comparative study between those with and without sensory deficits.

Abstract

Background: There is limited evidence regarding somatosensory impairments and their impact on mobility outcomes among ambulatory individuals with stroke, particularly within the context of developing countries.

Objectives: To report the proportion of somatosensory impairments and compare mobility necessary for independence and safety among ambulatory individuals with stroke, with and without somatosensory deficits.

Methods: Eighty ambulatory individuals with stroke (average age of 60 years old) were recruited from medical records at a provincial hospital in a developing country. Participants were assessed for their sensorimotor functions, and mobility using the 10-meter walk test (10MWT), timed up-and-go test (TUG), five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST), and six-minute walk test (6MWT). The findings between the groups with and without somatosensory impairments were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results: Nearly 60% of participants who mostly walked without a walking device (68.8%) experienced somatosensory impairments, mostly in the proprioception (91.5%) of the lower extremity (85.1%). Their mobility outcomes (10MWT = 0.46 m/s, TUG = 21.1s, FTSST = 14.4s, and 6MWT = 175.2 m) were significantly poorer than those with intact sensations (10MWT = 0.79 m/s, TUG = 12.9s, FTSST = 11.3s, and 6MWT = 302 m, p < .001).

Conclusion: A large proportion of ambulatory individuals with stroke experienced somatosensory impairments, particularly in lower extremity proprioception, which affects their mobility. Therefore, in addition to motor functions, rehabilitation strategies should also focus on improving somatosensory function to promote safe community participation for these individuals.