Role of Biomarkers in Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis.

Abstract

Introduction: Foot ulcer is one of the common problems in patients with diabetes mellitus. The spectrum of diabetic foot infection is wide, ranging from cellulitis and soft tissue infection to osteomyelitis (OM). OM requires further testing and investigations and even longer treatments. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the performance of serum markers, namely, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO) and to find correlation between serum levels of these biomarkers and treatment response.

Materials and methods: This prospective study was carried out in 50 patients. Diagnosis of OM was made by clinical examination and confirmed by radiological studies. The serum levels of ESR, CRP, and PCT were determined on admission in all the patients and then on day 15 and day 30 in the osteomyelitic group.

Results: No significant difference was observed in the levels of ESR, CRP, and PCT in DFO and non-OM patients (P > 0.05) at presentation. However, there was a significant difference (P > 0.05) in levels of these markers between patients with healed and non-healed lesions in the osteomyelitic group on day 15 and day 30.

Conclusion: Biomarkers may not help in diagnosing OM. However, the level of biomarkers decreases significantly in response to treatment validating their role in predicting healing.