The Integration of Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Artificial Intelligence in Revolutionizing Healthcare: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Healthcare is experiencing rapid advancements due to the integration of virtual reality (VR), a computer-generated simulation that uses technology to generate an artificial environment; augmented reality (AR), a technology that augments the physical environment by superimposing digital content onto the actual world; and artificial intelligence (AI), which enables personalized diagnostics, immersive training, and improved patient care. This comprehensive review identified 1,075 records by conducting a search of Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct for studies published from 2019 to 2024. A total of 37 research studies were evaluated following a thorough screening process that included the application of eligibility and exclusion criteria and the removal of duplicated studies following PRISMA regulations. The main findings indicate a significant increase in the overall number of publications, with the USA and the UK accounting for 51.3% of all publications because of their robust research machinery. Countries like Korea, Turkey, Australia, and Italy represented an overall 5.4 to 10.8%. The result of this review could be applied predominantly in telemedicine, educational institutions, rehabilitation, and surgical procedures, resulting in enhanced interaction between patients and operational precision. In summary, although VR, AR, and AI improve health-related education, therapy, and care, they need to tackle limitations such as expenditures and limitations in technology to achieve widespread adoption.