Workforce planning: a review of methodologies

IF 4.5 3区管理学 Q1 OPERATIONS RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

Annals of Operations Research Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI:10.1007/s10479-025-06734-1

William J. Peck

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Abstract

Workforce planning deals with determining the number of employees and associated skills necessary to meet the future operational needs of an organization. A workforce system consists of six elements: recruitment, attrition, promotion, training, retention, and scheduling. Historically, several workforce modeling and analysis methodologies have been developed to capture these elements. This paper reviews the results of workforce and manpower models published within peer-reviewed literature between 1959 and 2021 to provide an in-depth analysis of current models. The focus of this review is on analytical, simulation, and empirical models found in literature that were collected based on a citation requirement and keyword search criteria. Results demonstrate the trends in workforce modeling research and discuss the common uses of each model type and the advantages/disadvantages related to each model. Based on the common attributes of workforce systems, the discussion focuses on the most frequently used model type for each element and the best use for each model. Finally, recommendations are made for the development of workforce models that allow the most comprehensive view of the workforce systems of the future.

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劳动力计划：方法论回顾

劳动力计划涉及确定满足组织未来运营需求所需的员工数量和相关技能。劳动力系统由六个要素组成：招聘、减员、晋升、培训、保留和调度。历史上，已经开发了几种劳动力建模和分析方法来捕获这些元素。本文回顾了1959年至2021年间同行评议文献中发表的劳动力和人力模型的结果，对当前模型进行了深入分析。本综述的重点是基于引文要求和关键词搜索标准收集的文献中的分析、模拟和经验模型。结果展示了劳动力建模研究的趋势，并讨论了每种模型类型的常见用途以及与每种模型相关的优点/缺点。基于劳动力系统的共同属性，讨论集中在每个元素最常用的模型类型和每个模型的最佳用途上。最后，提出了开发劳动力模型的建议，这些模型可以最全面地了解未来的劳动力系统。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annals of Operations Research 管理科学-运筹学与管理科学

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

16.70%

发文量

596

审稿时长

8.4 months

期刊介绍： The Annals of Operations Research publishes peer-reviewed original articles dealing with key aspects of operations research, including theory, practice, and computation. The journal publishes full-length research articles, short notes, expositions and surveys, reports on computational studies, and case studies that present new and innovative practical applications. In addition to regular issues, the journal publishes periodic special volumes that focus on defined fields of operations research, ranging from the highly theoretical to the algorithmic and the applied. These volumes have one or more Guest Editors who are responsible for collecting the papers and overseeing the refereeing process.