Profiling of volatile organic compounds in clinical isolate cultures and stools from children withClostridioides difficileinfection by HS-SPME-GC-MS.

IF 3.4 4区医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Journal of breath research Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI:10.1088/1752-7163/ae0511

Rong Cao, Cuili Xue, Xiaolu Li, Fangfei Xiao, Lin Ye, Xufei Wang, Yizhong Wang, Daxiang Cui, Ting Zhang

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Abstract

Bacterial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been investigated as a non-invasive approach to diagnosis of infectious diseases. Here, we aimed to explore potential diagnostic markers by profiling VOCs in cultures of unique clinicalClostridioides difficileisolates and stool samples from pediatric patients withC. difficileinfection (CDI) using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A total of 106 individual compounds were detected in 39C. difficileisolate cultures, of which 1-hexanol, ethanol and 4-methylvaleric acid were detected in all bacterial cultures, and 2-methyl-butanoic acid, 1-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol,p-xylene and 6-methyl-2-heptanone were found in 38 (97.4%), 37 (94.9%), 34 (87.2%), 34 (87.2%) and 32 (82.1%) isolate cultures, respectively. The most abundant compound was 4-methylvaleric acid (relative abundance 14.71%, interquartile range 11.73%, 16.38%). A direct comparison of six paired isolates and stools revealed the transfer ofC. difficileisolate VOCs to feces: ethanol was detected in all six pairs, 4-methylvaleric acid was in five pairs and 1-hexanol in four pairs. Fecal VOC patterns between the CDI children and healthy children were significantly different. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that 1-propanol, 6-methyl-2-heptanone, phenylethyl alcohol and ethanol presented the highest discrimination value for differentiating feces of CDI children from healthy children. Our data indicate that fecal 1-propanol, 6-methyl-2-heptanone, phenylethyl alcohol and ethanol may be used as potential screening biomarkers for diagnosing CDI.

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艰难梭菌感染儿童临床分离培养物和粪便中挥发性有机物的HS-SPME-GC-MS分析

细菌挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）已被研究作为感染性疾病诊断的非侵入性方法。本研究旨在利用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术（HS-SPME-GC-MS）分析难辨梭菌（C. difficile）临床分离株培养物和难辨梭菌感染（CDI）儿科患者粪便样本中的VOCs，以探索潜在的诊断标志物。39株艰难梭菌分离培养物共检出106种化合物，其中1-己醇、乙醇和4-甲基戊酸在所有培养物中检出，2-甲基丁酸、1-戊醇、2-甲基-1-丙醇、对二甲苯和6-甲基-2-庚酮分别在38株（97.4%）、37株（94.9%）、34株（87.2%）、34株（87.2%）和32株（82.1%）分离物中检出。4-甲基戊酸含量最高（14.71，IQR为11.73,16.38）。CDI患儿与健康患儿粪便VOCs形态差异显著。在患有CDI的儿童的粪便样本中检测到较高水平的1-丙醇、6-甲基-2-庚酮、苯乙醇、2-辛酮、苯酚和乙醇。受试者工作特征（ROC）分析显示，1-丙醇、6-甲基-2-庚酮、苯乙醇和乙醇对CDI患儿粪便与健康患儿的鉴别价值最高。我们的数据表明，粪便中的1-丙醇、6-甲基-2-庚酮、苯乙醇和乙醇可作为CDI诊断的潜在生物标志物。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of breath research BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS-RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

21.10%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Breath Research is dedicated to all aspects of scientific breath research. The traditional focus is on analysis of volatile compounds and aerosols in exhaled breath for the investigation of exogenous exposures, metabolism, toxicology, health status and the diagnosis of disease and breath odours. The journal also welcomes other breath-related topics. Typical areas of interest include: Big laboratory instrumentation: describing new state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation capable of performing high-resolution discovery and targeted breath research; exploiting complex technologies drawn from other areas of biochemistry and genetics for breath research. Engineering solutions: developing new breath sampling technologies for condensate and aerosols, for chemical and optical sensors, for extraction and sample preparation methods, for automation and standardization, and for multiplex analyses to preserve the breath matrix and facilitating analytical throughput. Measure exhaled constituents (e.g. CO2, acetone, isoprene) as markers of human presence or mitigate such contaminants in enclosed environments. Human and animal in vivo studies: decoding the ''breath exposome'', implementing exposure and intervention studies, performing cross-sectional and case-control research, assaying immune and inflammatory response, and testing mammalian host response to infections and exogenous exposures to develop information directly applicable to systems biology. Studying inhalation toxicology; inhaled breath as a source of internal dose; resultant blood, breath and urinary biomarkers linked to inhalation pathway. Cellular and molecular level in vitro studies. Clinical, pharmacological and forensic applications. Mathematical, statistical and graphical data interpretation.