Impact of lifestyle and environmental factors on fertility.

IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q2 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY
Current Opinion in Urology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-15 DOI:10.1097/MOU.0000000000001339
Anett Szabó, Péter Nyirády, Zsolt Kopa
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: Infertility affects approximately 15% of couples, with male factors implicated in more than 50% of cases. Concerns over declining semen quality - evidenced by a more than 50% drop in sperm concentration over four decades - have triggered investigation into modifiable lifestyle and environmental factors. This review summarizes recent evidence on exposures that negatively impact male fertility.

Recent findings: Smoking increases sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) by approximately 10% and alters hormonal profiles; e-cigarettes may carry similar risks. Chronic alcohol use raises SDF by a comparable magnitude, disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and may cause testicular atrophy. Obesity impairs spermatogenesis through aromatase-mediated hormonal imbalance and inflammation; and even modest weight loss improves sperm parameters. Drug use - particularly steroids, cannabis, and opioids - may also suppress fertility. Environmental exposures such as heat waves, fine particulate matter, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals reduce semen quality and can contribute to testicular dysgenesis. Conversely, adherence to certain diets, antioxidant supplementation modestly improves sperm quality and reduce SDF.

Summary: Lifestyle and environmental factors significantly impair male reproductive health through hormonal disruption, oxidative stress, and direct germ cell damage. These risks are common and often reversible. Identifying and modifying such exposures is essential for improving fertility outcomes and reducing long-term health burdens.

生活方式和环境因素对生育的影响。
综述目的:不育影响约15%的夫妇,超过50%的病例涉及男性因素。对精液质量下降的担忧——40年来精子浓度下降了50%以上——引发了对可改变的生活方式和环境因素的调查。这篇综述总结了最近暴露对男性生育能力产生负面影响的证据。最近的研究发现:吸烟使精子DNA断裂(SDF)增加约10%,并改变激素谱;电子烟可能也有类似的风险。长期饮酒可使SDF升高相当程度,扰乱下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴,并可能导致睾丸萎缩。肥胖通过芳香酶介导的激素失衡和炎症损害精子发生;即使是适度的减肥也能改善精子参数。药物使用——尤其是类固醇、大麻和阿片类药物——也可能抑制生育能力。环境暴露,如热浪、细颗粒物和干扰内分泌的化学物质会降低精液质量,并可能导致睾丸发育不良。相反,坚持一定的饮食,补充抗氧化剂可以适度地提高精子质量,减少SDF。摘要:生活方式和环境因素通过激素紊乱、氧化应激和直接生殖细胞损伤显著损害男性生殖健康。这些风险很常见,而且往往是可逆的。确定和改变这种接触对于改善生育结果和减少长期健康负担至关重要。
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来源期刊
Current Opinion in Urology
Current Opinion in Urology 医学-泌尿学与肾脏学
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
4.00%
发文量
140
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: ​​​​​​​​Current Opinion in Urology delivers a broad-based perspective on the most recent and most exciting developments in urology from across the world. Published bimonthly and featuring ten key topics – including focuses on prostate cancer, bladder cancer and minimally invasive urology – the journal’s renowned team of guest editors ensure a balanced, expert assessment of the recently published literature in each respective field with insightful editorials and on-the-mark invited reviews.
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