Regulation of Inflammatory Lung Injury by Transforming Growth Factors.

IF 3.5 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY
Mrinmay Chakrabarti, Mollie Phillips, Rana Dhar, Ansley Herron, Jason L Kubinak, Kiesha Wilson, E Angela Murphy, Mohamad Azhar, Colin Evans
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Abstract

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are inflammatory conditions with substantial rates of morbidity and mortality, but no effective treatments. The lack of effective treatments and unacceptably high mortality rates for ARDS are partly due to an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that control ALI/ARDS and subsequent vascular repair. Transforming growth factors (TGFs) are a class of growth factors that regulate the vascular response to inflammation, including migration, proliferation, and differentiation of cells comprising the lung vasculature. Here we review studies that describe the impact of the TGF family on inflammatory lung injury and subsequent vascular repair and fibrosis. We highlight gaps in understanding TGF isoform-specific roles in ALI/ARDS and outline directions for future research in the field of TGF-dependent regulation of inflammatory lung injury and vascular repair. Functional roles of the TGFs have been investigated in ALI/ARDS pathogenesis and pulmonary fibrosis, with a predominance for studies showing a pro-injurious and pro-fibrotic impact of TGF-β1. Studies have also shown that TGF-α is positively associated with inflammatory lung injury and fibrosis. However, the contributions of TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 to ALI/ARDS are unclear, and the contributions of all the TGF isoforms to vascular repair after ALI/ARDS are unknown. Improved understanding of the regulation of inflammatory lung injury and repair by the TGFs could lead to the development of a safe and effective treatment strategy for patients with ALI/ARDS.

转化生长因子对炎性肺损伤的调节作用。
急性肺损伤(ALI)/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是一种发病率和死亡率很高的炎症性疾病,但没有有效的治疗方法。急性呼吸窘迫综合征缺乏有效的治疗和令人无法接受的高死亡率,部分原因是对控制急性呼吸窘迫综合征/急性呼吸窘迫综合征和随后的血管修复的机制了解不完全。转化生长因子(tgf)是一类调节血管对炎症反应的生长因子,包括肺血管细胞的迁移、增殖和分化。本文回顾了TGF家族对炎性肺损伤及随后的血管修复和纤维化影响的研究。我们强调了在了解TGF亚型特异性在ALI/ARDS中的作用方面的空白,并概述了TGF依赖性调节炎症性肺损伤和血管修复领域的未来研究方向。TGF-β1在ALI/ARDS发病机制和肺纤维化中的功能作用已被研究,主要研究显示TGF-β1具有促损伤和促纤维化作用。研究也表明TGF-α与炎性肺损伤和纤维化呈正相关。然而,TGF-β2和TGF-β3对ALI/ARDS的贡献尚不清楚,所有TGF亚型对ALI/ARDS后血管修复的贡献尚不清楚。提高对炎症性肺损伤和TGFs修复的调节的理解可能导致ALI/ARDS患者安全有效的治疗策略的发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.20
自引率
4.10%
发文量
146
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology publishes original research covering the broad scope of molecular, cellular, and integrative aspects of normal and abnormal function of cells and components of the respiratory system. Areas of interest include conducting airways, pulmonary circulation, lung endothelial and epithelial cells, the pleura, neuroendocrine and immunologic cells in the lung, neural cells involved in control of breathing, and cells of the diaphragm and thoracic muscles. The processes to be covered in the Journal include gas-exchange, metabolic control at the cellular level, intracellular signaling, gene expression, genomics, macromolecules and their turnover, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, cell motility, secretory mechanisms, membrane function, surfactant, matrix components, mucus and lining materials, lung defenses, macrophage function, transport of salt, water and protein, development and differentiation of the respiratory system, and response to the environment.
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