Imagining Poland: exploring geographical imaginaries in the Ukrainian war refugee narratives

Abstract

This paper explores the geographical imaginaries of Poland as constructed by Ukrainians fleeing the 2022 Russian invasion. Utilizing data from an international Polish-Ukrainian project, which includes 30 in-depth interviews with Ukrainian refugees, the paper examines how perceptions of Poland are formed, communicated, and challenged during forced migration. These imaginaries serve as a foundation for social remittances, shaping the transfer of cultural practices and ideas between Ukraine and Poland. Conducted from February 2023 to January 2024, the study reveals that the positive image of Poland as a Western country is associated with three primary themes: economic development and better life opportunities (evidenced by material comforts and fewer employment concerns), interpersonal relations (perceived as friendly and tolerant), and broader cultural norms (such as respect for the rule of law and postmaterialist values). While literature on the imaginaries of new EU states often portrays Poland as an aspiring member, Ukrainians view it as a “Western country” that is culturally closer and more familiar compared to other Western nations like Germany. The study highlights the importance of individual experiences, media narratives, and social interactions in shaping geographical imaginaries. Interactions between Ukrainian refugees and their Polish hosts, especially through homestay arrangements, play a crucial role in forming these perceptions. This paper enhances our understanding of how forced migration affects perceptions of neighbouring countries and challenges existing notions of the West, offering fresh insights into the dynamics of geographical imaginaries. Additionally, it underscores how factors such as the refugees’ place of residence and their “cosmobility capital” influence their views of Europe.