The Silent Surge: Obesity Driving a Global Cardiovascular Crisis.

Abstract

Recent global estimates indicate that more than one billion people live with obesity, a figure that has doubled since 1990. When overweight individuals are included, nearly 2.5 billion adults are affected, with high body mass index contributing to an estimated 1.9 million cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths annually. Obesity and its close association with CVD remain pressing public health challenges that require sustained, coordinated action. Recent global policy discussions, including the UN General Assembly's Zero Draft Political Declaration, highlight the importance of improving food labelling, taxing sugary drinks, limiting the marketing of unhealthy foods, and encouraging active living through supportive urban planning. Countries are encouraged to align national obesity strategies with the WHO's 2022 Acceleration Plan to STOP Obesity, with clear goals and mechanisms for accountability and monitoring. Preventive measures are most effective when introduced early, such as encouraging breastfeeding and creating supportive school environments that offer balanced meals, limit access to unhealthy foods, and incorporate regular physical activity into daily schedules. Fiscal measures, including taxes, subsidies, and mandatory nutrition labels, can help guide consumer choices towards healthier options. Supportive built environments with safe access to parks, pedestrian routes, and cycling paths further encourage active lifestyles. Health systems are central in ensuring equitable access to prevention and treatment, delivered through stigma-free and evidence-based care. Community-based and family-oriented programs have shown promise, while pharmacological options may complement lifestyle approaches where appropriate. Long-term progress depends on sustained commitment, cross-sectoral collaboration, and integration of obesity prevention into broader public health frameworks.