Development of Ionic Liquid-Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Assisted by Acetone-Based Salting-Out Extraction for Multiclass Pesticide Quantification in Tomato Using HPLC–DAD

IF 1.3 4区化学 Q4 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Chromatographia Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI:10.1007/s10337-025-04433-4

Bezuayehu Tadesse Negussie, Simiso Dube, Mathew Muzi Nindi, Asmamaw Tesfaw

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

An ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME) technique with low LODs, high enrichment factors, and reduced solvent use was devised for the extraction and determination of multiclass pesticide residues in tomato samples. The extraction process uses acetone for the initial extraction of pesticides from tomatoes, followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction using 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as the extraction solvent. The critical parameters that affect the extraction efficiency, such as the type and volume of the extraction solvent, the volume of the dispersive solvent, the type and volume of the ionic liquid, pH, and salt addition, were meticulously optimized. Under these optimized conditions, the method exhibited robust linearity (R² ≥ 0.9960), low limits of detection (2.0–7.3 µg/kg) and quantification (5.6–19.4 µg/kg), along with satisfactory precision (RSD ≤ 10.4%) and recovery rates (88.0 to 105.3%) for the pesticides of interest. The proposed method represents a promising tool for routine pesticide monitoring in food quality control laboratories.

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离子液体分散液液微萃取辅助丙酮盐析萃取在番茄中多类农药定量分析中的应用

设计了一种离子液体分散液液微萃取（IL-DLLME）技术，该技术具有低LODs、高富集因子、减少溶剂用量的特点，可用于番茄样品中多种农药残留的提取和测定。采用丙酮对番茄中农药进行初始提取，以1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸为萃取溶剂进行分散液-液微萃取。对萃取溶剂的种类和体积、分散溶剂的体积、离子液体的种类和体积、pH、盐的添加量等影响萃取效率的关键参数进行了优化。在此优化条件下，方法具有良好的线性关系（R2≥0.9960），低检出限（2.0 ~ 7.3µg/kg）和定量限（5.6 ~ 19.4µg/kg），精密度（RSD≤10.4%）和回收率（88.0 ~ 105.3%）令人满意。该方法为食品质量控制实验室的常规农药监测提供了一种有前途的工具。

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来源期刊

Chromatographia 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

5.90%

发文量

103

审稿时长

2.2 months

期刊介绍： Separation sciences, in all their various forms such as chromatography, field-flow fractionation, and electrophoresis, provide some of the most powerful techniques in analytical chemistry and are applied within a number of important application areas, including archaeology, biotechnology, clinical, environmental, food, medical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, polymer and biopolymer research. Beyond serving analytical purposes, separation techniques are also used for preparative and process-scale applications. The scope and power of separation sciences is significantly extended by combination with spectroscopic detection methods (e.g., laser-based approaches, nuclear-magnetic resonance, Raman, chemiluminescence) and particularly, mass spectrometry, to create hyphenated techniques. In addition to exciting new developments in chromatography, such as ultra high-pressure systems, multidimensional separations, and high-temperature approaches, there have also been great advances in hybrid methods combining chromatography and electro-based separations, especially on the micro- and nanoscale. Integrated biological procedures (e.g., enzymatic, immunological, receptor-based assays) can also be part of the overall analytical process.