S01-02 The Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Telomerase Activity: A New Frontier in Cellular Aging and Health

Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests a dynamic and bidirectional interplay between the gut microbiome and telomerase activity, with significant implications for systemic aging and host health. Telomerase, the enzyme responsible for maintaining telomere length, plays a central role in cellular senescence and regenerative capacity. Recent human and animal studies indicate that gut microbiota can modulate telomerase activity via multiple pathways, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, and the production of microbial metabolites such as shortchain fatty acids. Conversely, telomere dysfunction in the gut epithelium may disrupt mucosal integrity, trigger inflammation, and promote dysbiosis, creating a feedback loop that accelerates aging. A longitudinal human study has shown that mitochondrial energetic capacity, a factor influenced by chronic stress and potentially by the gut microbiota, predicts telomerase activity and telomere maintenance over time. Complementary experimental models in zebrafish and mice have demonstrated that gut-specific telomerase activation can restore microbial diversity, reduce systemic inflammation, and extend lifespan. Together, these findings support the novel concept that telomerase regulation is not solely intrinsic, but may be shaped by the gut microbial environment. This presentation will explore how targeting the microbiota–telomerase axis may offer new strategies to slow aging processes and improve healthspan.