Electronic decision aids enhance management of primary care patients with steatotic liver disease: Proof of concept pilot study.

Abstract

Background: The approach to appropriate risk stratification for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is variable, and the adoption of non-invasive liver disease assessments in clinical practice is suboptimal. In this study, we implemented an electronic decision support tool for primary care patients with MASLD to assess its influence on linkage to care.

Methods: We performed a prospective, before-and-after pilot study in which post-implementation providers were presented with an electronic decision aid automating non-invasive liver disease assessments with the Fibrosis-4 score and providing individualized, guideline-directed recommendations. Patients were included if attending an outpatient primary care visit with a study provider, had a pre-existing diagnostic code for MASLD, and had not established care with a hepatologist in the 3 years before the office visit. The primary outcome was linkage to care, defined as adherence to guideline-directed recommendations for the next step of care. A total of 503 encounters were included, accounting for 301 unique patients.

Results: Provider adherence to guideline-directed clinical recommendations increased from 29.7% to 45.8% post-implementation (p<0.001). The effect of this intervention remained significant when controlling for patient age, race, sex, resident physician involvement in the clinic visit, and concomitant comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia (OR 2.11 [95% CI 1.42-3.14]; p<0.001). There was a modest increase in the number of referrals to hepatology post-implementation (2.3%-7.1%; OR 3.27 [95% CI 1.33-9.18]; p=0.014).

Conclusions: In conclusion, we present a novel, electronically integrated, innovative methodology for direct delivery of individualized guidance for the management of patients with MASLD that significantly enhanced the direction of care toward necessary guideline-directed liver assessments.