Trends in mean serum insulin and hyperinsulinemia among US adults without diabetes 1999–2018

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Journal of diabetes and its complications Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109159

Tammie M. Johnson , James R. Churilla

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine trends for mean serum insulin concentration (pmol/L) and prevalence of hyperinsulinemia (≥4.358 pmol/L fasting insulin) in US adults without diabetes.

Methods

We used data from the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants (n = 14,150) were ≥20 years of age, not pregnant, had no history of diabetes, had a fasting blood glucose measure of less than 126 mg/dL, and had valid responses to all study variables. Consecutive cycles of NHANES data from 1999 to 2018 (20 years) were aggregated into five four-year intervals.

Results

The Annual Percent Change (APC) for mean fasting insulin ranged from 5.64 (adjusted for body mass index) to 7.65 % when unadjusted (all p-values for trend <0.0001). The APC for hyperinsulinemia prevalence ranged from 19.4 % (adjusted for waist circumference) to 22.3 % when unadjusted (all p-values for trend <0.0001). The subanalyses by gender consistently revealed significant positive trends for both outcomes.

Conclusions

This study illustrates a significant positive trend for mean fasting insulin concentrations and hyperinsulinemia among US adults over 20 years. Monitoring serum insulin and hyperinsulinemia trends provides insights into the continuing rise in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and opportunities for T2D prevention.

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1999-2018年美国无糖尿病成年人平均血清胰岛素和高胰岛素血症趋势

目的本研究的目的是检查美国无糖尿病成人平均血清胰岛素浓度（pmol/L）和高胰岛素血症（≥4.358 pmol/L空腹胰岛素）的流行趋势。方法使用1999-2018年国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据。参与者（n = 14,150）年龄≥20岁，未怀孕，无糖尿病史，空腹血糖测量值低于126 mg/dL，对所有研究变量均有有效反应。1999年至2018年（20年）的连续周期NHANES数据汇总为5个4年周期。结果平均空腹胰岛素的年百分比变化（APC）范围为5.64（经体重指数调整）至7.65%（趋势p值均为0.0001）。高胰岛素血症患病率的APC范围从19.4%（根据腰围调整）到未调整时的22.3%（趋势p值均为0.0001）。按性别划分的亚组分析一致显示两种结果都有显著的积极趋势。结论：本研究表明，在20岁以上的美国成年人中，平均空腹胰岛素浓度和高胰岛素血症呈显著上升趋势。监测血清胰岛素和高胰岛素血症的趋势可以了解2型糖尿病（T2D）持续上升的趋势，并为预防T2D提供机会。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of diabetes and its complications 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

3.30%

发文量

153

审稿时长

16 days

期刊介绍： Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications (JDC) is a journal for health care practitioners and researchers, that publishes original research about the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus and its complications. JDC also publishes articles on physiological and molecular aspects of glucose homeostasis. The primary purpose of JDC is to act as a source of information usable by diabetes practitioners and researchers to increase their knowledge about mechanisms of diabetes and complications development, and promote better management of people with diabetes who are at risk for those complications. Manuscripts submitted to JDC can report any aspect of basic, translational or clinical research as well as epidemiology. Topics can range broadly from early prediabetes to late-stage complicated diabetes. Topics relevant to basic/translational reports include pancreatic islet dysfunction and insulin resistance, altered adipose tissue function in diabetes, altered neuronal control of glucose homeostasis and mechanisms of drug action. Topics relevant to diabetic complications include diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy; peripheral vascular disease and coronary heart disease; gastrointestinal disorders, renal failure and impotence; and hypertension and hyperlipidemia.