Metabolomic-based aging clocks.

Abstract

Molecular aging clocks estimate biological age from molecular biomarkers and often outperform chronological age in predicting health outcomes. Types include epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic clocks. NMR-based metabolomic clocks provide a non-invasive, high-throughput platform to assess metabolic health. We summarize key NMR-based models and present a new approach that combines high predictive accuracy with clinical interpretability, identifying disease-specific metabolic distortions and supporting risk stratification and early detection of accelerated aging.