Ectopic adrenal gland in the liver leading to a misdiagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report.

Abstract

Background: Adrenal ectopia is a rare condition in which adrenal tissue is found in an abnormal location, often posing diagnostic challenges. Although generally considered benign, it can present as hepatic or other organ lesions, mimicking malignant tumors. In the liver, ectopic adrenal tissue can closely resemble hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic disease, potentially leading to unnecessary aggressive treatments such as surgery or chemotherapy. Consequently, a high index of suspicion is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate management.

Case summary: In this case report, we present a 53-year-old male with ectopic adrenal tissue in the liver, mimicking a potential hepatic malignancy. Based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings, which suggested a malignant liver lesion and a left adrenal adenoma, the patient underwent laparoscopic partial hepatectomy under general anesthesia. Intraoperatively, no signs of liver cirrhosis were observed. An intraoperative ultrasound identified a 1.2 cm hypoechoic nodule in segment 7 of the liver. Dissection of the right adrenal gland revealed that the nodule had infiltrated the hepatic parenchyma, confirming the presence of ectopic adrenal tissue. Frozen section pathology revealed proliferating adrenal tissue. The patient recovered smoothly and was discharged 10 days postoperatively.

Conclusion: This case report underscores the importance of considering adrenal ectopia in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions, especially when imaging findings suggest malignancy.