A study on the morphological characteristics of geo-electrochemical halo-forming materials in the Luoboling copper–molybdenum polymetallic deposits of Zijin Mountain, Fujian Province

IF 3.4 3区地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Applied Geochemistry Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106536

Caiyun Zhang , Meilan Wen , Jiali Zhang , Yuxiong Jiang , Jianting Li , Yunxue Ma , Panfeng Liu

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Abstract

This study investigates the sources and migration mechanisms of geo-electrochemical halo-forming materials in polymetallic sulfide deposits through elemental chemical speciation analysis in various media. The research utilizes the modified BCR method and ultrasonic extraction to analyze the chemical speciation of Cu and Mo in ore samples, soils above ore bodies and non-ore bodies, and geo-electrochemical extraction samples from the Luobuling Cu–Mo polymetallic deposit along profile 264 in the Zijinshan area, Fujian Province. The findings indicate that: (1) Bornite exhibits spontaneous electrochemical dissolution in aqueous solutions, with Cu and Mo primarily present in the water-soluble fraction (WS–F). (2) In soils above ore and non-ore bodies, Cu predominantly exists in the reducible fraction (RED-F), while Mo is mainly found in the oxidizable fraction (OX-F) and residual fraction (RES-F). (3) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses reveal that geo-electrochemical extraction primarily targets ionic halo-forming materials, which predominantly form stable complexes and ion associates through chelation with organic material in the geo-electrochemical extraction device. Based on Spearman correlation analysis and these findings, the study suggests that the various forms of halo-forming materials extracted through geo-electrochemistry do not directly correspond to their soil forms but undergo transformation through complex processes including electrochemical dissolution, activation, and secondary enrichment. The halo-forming materials in the soil surrounding the electrodes originate from deep-seated ore bodies and migrate continuously to the surface under various geological forces. These materials are subsequently adsorbed by organic matter and iron-manganese oxides in the soil, ultimately achieving stable existence. The geo-electrochemical extraction process specifically targets these deep-originated halo-forming materials.

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福建紫金山罗泊岭铜钼多金属矿床地电化学成晕物质形态特征研究

通过不同介质中元素化学形态分析，探讨了多金属硫化物矿床中地电化学成晕物质的来源及运移机理。采用改进的BCR法和超声萃取法，对福建紫金山地区264号剖面罗布岭铜钼多金属矿的矿石样品、矿体上土、非矿体及地电化学萃取样品中Cu、Mo的化学形态进行了分析。结果表明：(1)硼铁矿在水溶液中表现出自发的电化学溶解，Cu和Mo主要存在于水溶性组分（WS-F）中。(2)在矿体和非矿体上部土壤中，Cu主要存在于可还原组分（RED-F）中，Mo主要存在于可氧化组分（OX-F）和残余组分（RES-F）中。(3)扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱（EDS）分析表明，地电化学萃取主要针对离子成晕物质，在地电化学萃取装置中，离子成晕物质主要通过与有机物质的螯合形成稳定的配合物和离子缔合物。基于Spearman相关分析和这些发现，研究表明，通过地球电化学提取的各种形式的成晕物质并不直接对应于它们的土壤形式，而是通过电化学溶解、活化和二次富集等复杂过程进行转化。电极周围土壤中的成晕物质来源于深部矿体，在各种地质力作用下不断向地表迁移。这些物质随后被土壤中的有机物和铁锰氧化物吸附，最终实现稳定存在。地电化学提取工艺专门针对这些深层形成晕的材料。

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来源期刊

Applied Geochemistry 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

8.80%

发文量

272

审稿时长

65 days

期刊介绍： Applied Geochemistry is an international journal devoted to publication of original research papers, rapid research communications and selected review papers in geochemistry and urban geochemistry which have some practical application to an aspect of human endeavour, such as the preservation of the environment, health, waste disposal and the search for resources. Papers on applications of inorganic, organic and isotope geochemistry and geochemical processes are therefore welcome provided they meet the main criterion. Spatial and temporal monitoring case studies are only of interest to our international readership if they present new ideas of broad application. Topics covered include: (1) Environmental geochemistry (including natural and anthropogenic aspects, and protection and remediation strategies); (2) Hydrogeochemistry (surface and groundwater); (3) Medical (urban) geochemistry; (4) The search for energy resources (in particular unconventional oil and gas or emerging metal resources); (5) Energy exploitation (in particular geothermal energy and CCS); (6) Upgrading of energy and mineral resources where there is a direct geochemical application; and (7) Waste disposal, including nuclear waste disposal.