Duckweed Evolution: from Land back to Water.

IF 7.9

Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI:10.1093/gpbjnl/qzaf074

Yang Fang, Xueping Tian, Yanling Jin, Anping Du, Yanqiang Ding, Zhihua Liao, Kaize He, Yonggui Zhao, Ling Guo, Yao Xiao, Yaliang Xu, Shuang Chen, Yuqing Che, Li Tan, Songhu Wang, Jiatang Li, Zhuolin Yi, Lanchai Chen, Leyi Zhao, Fangyuan Zhang, Guoyou Li, Jinmeng Li, Qinli Xiong, Yongmei Zhang, Qing Zhang, Xuan Hieu Cao, Hai Zhao

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Abstract

Terrestialization is an important evolutionary process that plants experienced. However, little is known about how land plants acquired aquatic growth behaviors. Here we integrate multiproxy evidence to elucidate the evolution of the aquatic plant duckweed. Three genera of duckweed show chronologically gradual degeneration in root structure and stomatal function and decrease in lignocellulose content, accompanied by gradual contraction in the number of relevant genes and/or their transcriptional decline. The gene numbers in the main phytohormonal pathway are also gradually decreased. The co-action of genes involved in auxin and rhizoid development causes a gradual decrease in adventitious roots. The significant expansion of the flavonoid pathway is also related to the adaptation of duckweed to floating growth. This study reconstructs the evolution history of the duckweed habitat from land back to water, reversing that of early land plants.

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浮萍的进化：从陆地回到水中。

陆地化是植物经历的一个重要进化过程。然而，关于陆地植物如何获得水生生长行为，人们知之甚少。在这里，我们整合了多代理证据来阐明水生植物浮萍的进化。3属浮萍的根结构和气孔功能随时间逐渐退化，木质纤维素含量下降，相关基因数量逐渐减少或转录下降。主要植物激素通路的基因数量也在逐渐减少。参与生长素和根状体发育的基因的共同作用导致不定根逐渐减少。类黄酮途径的显著扩张也与浮萍对漂浮生长的适应有关。本研究重建了浮萍栖息地从陆地到水中的进化历史，逆转了早期陆地植物的进化历史。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics

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