Comprehensive mental health implications of the recent pandemic in Southern Capital of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Researchers examined how COVID-19 affected the mental health of people living in Abha, Saudi Arabia, from January to November 2022. The research investigated how many people experienced depression, anxiety and stress throughout the pandemic and analyzed how sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 experiences affected psychological well-being. Researchers conducted a descriptive cross-sectional community-based study applying snowball sampling in the south western region of Saudi Arabia. The study employed Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to measure psychological morbidity Standard severity levels served as the basis for the categorization of scores. The study included 530 participants aged 19 to 70, predominantly married females. Nearly half experienced quarantine (49.6%), and 51.5% reported concerns about potential infection. Depression prevalence was 64.8%, with higher odds among ages 19-25 (OR=2.01, p=0.049) and 36-45 (OR=2.20, p=0.045), healthcare workers (OR=1.89, p=0.007), and those who lost relatives (OR=1.89, p=0.007). Anxiety prevalence was 58.2%, with significantassociation with fear of exposure (OR=1.46, p=0.039). Stress prevalence was 45.0%, with higher odds among married participants (OR=2.16, p=0.009). Research showed that psychological distress affected many people during the COVID 19 pandemic. The results highlight the importance of developing specialized mental health strategies which incorporate public awareness efforts and counseling services to maintain community mental wellness throughout health emergencies.