Reproductive behavior and early immature morphology of Portschinskia magnifica: implications for evolutionary biology in bot flies (Diptera: Oestridae).

IF 2 2区 生物学 Q2 ZOOLOGY
Current Zoology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 eCollection Date: 2025-08-01 DOI:10.1093/cz/zoae072
Xinyu Li, Wentian Xu, Yaqian Fan, Dong Zhang, Thomas Pape
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Portschinskia Semenov is a rare genus of bot flies whose larvae are obligate parasites of pikas and murine rodents, crucial for understanding the evolutionary biology of Oestridae. However, limited information on their adult biology and early immature stages has hindered the progress. Here, we provided the first documentation of adult oviposition, behavior, and morphology of newly hatched first instars of P. magnifica Pleske. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we characterized the ultrastructure of egg and first-instar larva, identifying key traits facilitating attachment. Eggs were deposited individually or in groups, and glued on non-host surfaces with white adhesive substances, without specialized attachment organ. Newly hatched first instars were circled with an anterior spinose band on each body segment except the anal division, awaited hosts in an upright position, and anchored to the egg shell by their anal division, likely supported by curved spines originating from the peritreme of the posterior spiracles. Evolutionary analyses of reproductive behavior across the 4 bot fly subfamilies reveal at least 3 times independent evolution of oviposition on non-host surfaces in Portschinskia or the Hypodermatinae clade as a sister group to Ochotonia, Gasterophilus pecorum (Fabricius) (Gasterophilinae), and Cuterebrinae. In contrast, species in the Oestrinae are larviparous, depositing first instars directly onto hosts. Our findings shed light on oviposition behavior and early immature morphology of the rare genus Portschinskia, offering insights into reproductive strategies and evolutionary adaptations of bot flies.

大黄家蝇的生殖行为和早期未成熟形态:对蝇类进化生物学的启示(双翅目:雌蝇科)。
波氏蝇是一种罕见的蝇属,其幼虫是鼠兔和鼠类啮齿类动物的专性寄生虫,这对了解伊氏蝇科的进化生物学至关重要。然而,关于它们成年生物学和早期未成熟阶段的有限信息阻碍了进展。在此,我们首次记录了新孵化的P. magnifica Pleske一龄成虫的产卵、行为和形态。利用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜和扫描电镜对卵和一龄幼虫的超微结构进行了表征,确定了促进附着的关键性状。卵单独或成群沉积,用白色黏着物质粘在非寄主表面,没有专门的附着器官。刚孵出的一龄虫,除了肛门部外,身体的每一节上都有一圈前棘带,等待寄主的位置是直立的,它们的肛门部把它们固定在蛋壳上,可能是由后气门周围的弯曲的棘支撑着。对4个蝇亚科生殖行为的进化分析表明,在Portschinskia或作为Ochotonia, Gasterophilus pecorum (Fabricius) (Gasterophilinae)和Cuterebrinae的姐妹群的下皮蝇分支中,至少有3次独立的非宿主表面产卵进化。相比之下,雌虫科的物种是幼虫,将一龄虫直接沉积在宿主身上。我们的发现揭示了罕见的Portschinskia属的产卵行为和早期未成熟形态,为生殖策略和进化适应提供了见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Current Zoology
Current Zoology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology
CiteScore
3.20
自引率
9.10%
发文量
111
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: About the Journal Current Zoology (formerly Acta Zoologica Sinica, founded in 1935) is an open access, bimonthly, peer-reviewed international journal of zoology. It publishes review articles and research papers in the fields of ecology, evolution and behaviour. Current Zoology is sponsored by Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, along with the China Zoological Society.
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