Biocultural memory of reciprocity: the Mapuche trafkintu as social-ecological relationships of care and vindication.

IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Gonzalo Salazar, Magdalena Reyes, Santiago Kaulen-Luks, María Guadalupe Barrera, Alison Burgos, José Tomás Ibarra
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Abstract

Reconsidering the relationship between humans and more-than-human beings amid global crises has brought reciprocity practices between people and biodiversity to the forefront. We examine social-ecological reciprocity practices within Indigenous territories and their direct connection to biocultural memory. Specifically, we explore the Mapuche practice of trafkintu in the Andean zone of Wallmapu, La Araucanía region of southern Chile. Using a mixed-methods framework, from a relational perspective, we integrate spatial analysis of a seed exchange network involving 80 local farmers, with an ethnographic and collaborative phase with 12 Mapuche women-who are part of this network-over three years. We found that social-ecological reciprocity practices-like those in the trafkintu-are constitutive of a biocultural memory. This biocultural memory has been vital for sustaining and transforming social-ecological reciprocity practices amid colonial and neo-colonial pressures. We term this recursion the "memory of reciprocity." This provides key insights into how reciprocity manifests as a quality of complex social-ecological relationships, marked by mutual care among people, seeds, and other more-than-human beings. It also helps us understand how, amid the colonialism and dispossession endured by Indigenous peoples for centuries, reciprocity has been essential to survival and vindication.

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互惠的生物文化记忆:马普切人的交通作为社会生态关系的关怀和辩护。
在全球危机中重新思考人类与非人类之间的关系,将人类与生物多样性之间的互惠实践带到了最前沿。我们研究了土著领土内的社会生态互惠实践及其与生物文化记忆的直接联系。具体来说,我们在智利南部La Araucanía地区的瓦尔马普安第斯地区探索马普切人的交通实践。使用混合方法框架,从关系的角度,我们整合了涉及80个当地农民的种子交换网络的空间分析,并与该网络中的12名马普切妇女进行了为期三年的人种学和合作阶段。我们发现,社会生态互惠实践——就像交通中的那些——是生物文化记忆的组成部分。这种生物文化记忆对于在殖民和新殖民压力下维持和改变社会生态互惠实践至关重要。我们把这种递归称为“互惠记忆”。这为互惠如何表现为复杂社会生态关系的一种品质提供了关键见解,其特征是人与人、种子和其他超越人类的事物之间的相互关怀。它还有助于我们理解,在土著人民几个世纪以来遭受的殖民主义和剥夺中,互惠是生存和证明自己的必要条件。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
16.70%
发文量
66
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine publishes original research focusing on cultural perceptions of nature and of human and animal health. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine invites research articles, reviews and commentaries concerning the investigations of the inextricable links between human societies and nature, food, and health. Specifically, the journal covers the following topics: ethnobotany, ethnomycology, ethnozoology, ethnoecology (including ethnopedology), ethnogastronomy, ethnomedicine, ethnoveterinary, as well as all related areas in environmental, nutritional, and medical anthropology. Research focusing on the implications that the inclusion of humanistic, cultural, and social dimensions have in understanding the biological word is also welcome, as well as its potential projections in public health-centred, nutritional, and environmental policies.
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